2005 AMC 10A 第 21 题

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21.

对多少个正整数 nn1+2++n1 + 2 + \cdots + n 能整除 6n6n

For how many positive integers nn does 1+2++n1 + 2 + \cdots + n evenly divide 6n?6n?

33

55

77

99

1111

答案:B
知识点:三角形数整除性因数
难度评级:1790
小提示:

使用 1+2++n=n(n+1)21 + 2 + \cdots + n = \dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}

Use 1+2++n=n(n+1)21 + 2 + \cdots + n = \dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}

大提示:

商为 6nn(n+1)2=12n+1\dfrac{6n}{\frac{n(n+1)}{2}} = \dfrac{12}{n+1};数出哪些 nn 使 n+1n + 1 整除 1212

Then 6nn(n+1)2=12n+1;\dfrac{6n}{\frac{n(n+1)}{2}} = \dfrac{12}{n+1}; count the nn for which n+1n + 1 divides 1212

解答:

1+2++n=n(n+1)21 + 2 + \cdots + n = \dfrac{n(n+1)}{2} 可知,商为 6nn(n+1)2=12n+1\dfrac{6n}{\frac{n(n+1)}{2}} = \dfrac{12}{n+1}。它是整数当且仅当 n+1n + 1 整除 12121212 的因数中不小于 22 的有 223344661212,对应 n=1n = 12233551111,共五个值。

所以正确答案是 B

Since 1+2++n=n(n+1)2,1 + 2 + \cdots + n = \dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}, the quotient is 6nn(n+1)2=12n+1,\dfrac{6n}{\frac{n(n+1)}{2}} = \dfrac{12}{n+1}, which is an integer exactly when n+1n + 1 divides 12.12. The divisors of 1212 that are at least 22 are 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 6,6, 12,12, giving n=1,n = 1, 2,2, 3,3, 5,5, 1111 — five values.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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