2015 AMC 10A 第 19 题

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19.

等腰直角三角形 ABCABCCC 处为直角,面积为 12.512.5。三等分 ACB\angle ACB 的两条射线与 ABAB 相交于 DDEE。求 CDE\triangle CDE 的面积。

The isosceles right triangle ABCABC has right angle at CC and area 12.5.12.5. The rays trisecting ACB\angle ACB intersect ABAB at DD and E.E. What is the area of CDE?\triangle CDE?

523\dfrac{5\sqrt{2}}{3}

503754\dfrac{50\sqrt{3}-75}{4}

1538\dfrac{15\sqrt{3}}{8}

502532\dfrac{50-25\sqrt{3}}{2}

256\dfrac{25}{6}

答案:D
知识点:特殊直角三角形面积分割三角形面积
难度评级:1880
解答:

因为 ABC\triangle ABC 是面积为 12.512.5 的等腰直角三角形,所以两条直角边长为 55;三等分线给出 ACD=30\angle ACD=30^\circBCE=30\angle BCE=30^\circ,并且 ACD\triangle ACDBCE\triangle BCE 全等。

DDACAC 作垂线,垂足为 FF。因为 DDABAB 上且 A=45\angle A=45^\circ,所以 AFD\triangle AFD 是等腰直角三角形。设 AF=DF=hAF=DF=h,则 CF=5hCF=5-h。由 3030^\circ 直角三角形关系, 因此 5h=h35-h=h\sqrt{3},所以 h=51+3=5352h=\frac{5}{1+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{5\sqrt{3}-5}{2}CFDF=3.\frac{CF}{DF}=\sqrt{3}.

因此 从 ABC\triangle ABC 的面积中减去两个全等的角上三角形,得到 [ACD]=125h=253254. \begin{aligned} &[ACD]=\frac12\cdot 5\cdot h \\ &=\frac{25\sqrt{3}-25}{4}. \end{aligned} [CDE]=2522253254=502532. \begin{aligned} &[CDE]=\frac{25}{2} \\ &\quad {}-2\cdot\frac{25\sqrt{3}-25}{4} \\ &=\frac{50-25\sqrt{3}}{2}. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 D

Since ABC\triangle ABC is isosceles right with area 12.512.5, its legs have length 55. The trisectors make ACD=30\angle ACD=30^\circ and BCE=30\angle BCE=30^\circ, so ACD\triangle ACD and BCE\triangle BCE have equal area.

Drop a perpendicular from DD to AC,AC, with foot F.F. Since DD lies on ABAB and A=45,\angle A=45^\circ, AFD\triangle AFD is isosceles right. Let AF=DF=h.AF=DF=h. Then CF=5h,CF=5-h, and the 3030^\circ angle gives CFDF=3.\frac{CF}{DF}=\sqrt{3}. Thus 5h=h35-h=h\sqrt{3}, so h=51+3=5352h=\frac{5}{1+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{5\sqrt{3}-5}{2}.

Therefore [ACD]=125h=253254. \begin{aligned} &[ACD]=\frac12\cdot 5\cdot h \\ &=\frac{25\sqrt{3}-25}{4}. \end{aligned} Subtracting the two congruent corner triangles from ABC\triangle ABC, [CDE]=2522253254=502532. \begin{aligned} &[CDE]=\frac{25}{2} \\ &\quad {}-2\cdot\frac{25\sqrt{3}-25}{4} \\ &=\frac{50-25\sqrt{3}}{2}. \end{aligned}

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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