2014 AMC 10A 第 19 题

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19.

边长分别为 11223344 的四个立方体如图堆叠。线段 XY\overline{XY} 位于边长为 33 的立方体内部的部分有多长?

Four cubes with edge lengths 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, and 44 are stacked as shown. What is the length of the portion of XY\overline{XY} contained in the cube with edge length 3?3?

3335\dfrac{3\sqrt{33}}5

232\sqrt3

2333\dfrac{2\sqrt{33}}3

44

323\sqrt2

答案:A
知识点:立体几何距离公式相似
难度评级:1790
解答:

XXYYzz 轴方向距离为 1+2+3+4=10. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10.

沿 xx 轴和 yy 轴方向的距离都为 44

因此线段全长为 XY=42+42+102=233. XY = \sqrt{4^2 + 4^2 + 10^2} = 2\sqrt{33}.

设所求长度为 X=(0,0,10)X=(0,0,10)Y=(4,4,0)Y=(4,4,0) 33 (65,65,7)(\frac65,\frac65,7) (125,125,4)(\frac{12}5,\frac{12}5,4) 33

由相似三角形可得 xxx3=23310 \dfrac{x}{3} = \dfrac{2\sqrt{33}}{10} x=3335. x = \dfrac{3\sqrt{33}}{5}.

所以正确答案是 A

The distance between XX and YY with respect to the zz-axis is 1+2+3+4=10. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10.

Both the distances along the xx and yy-axes are 4.4.

Then XY=42+42+102=233. XY = \sqrt{4^2 + 4^2 + 10^2} = 2\sqrt{33}.

Using coordinates X=(0,0,10)X=(0,0,10) and Y=(4,4,0)Y=(4,4,0), the line meets the top and bottom of the side-33 cube at (65,65,7)(\frac65,\frac65,7) and (125,125,4)(\frac{12}5,\frac{12}5,4). Both points lie inside those square faces, so the portion inside this cube really does have vertical change 33.

Let the desired length be x.x. Then using similar triangles, we have that x3=23310 \dfrac{x}{3} = \dfrac{2\sqrt{33}}{10} x=3335. x = \dfrac{3\sqrt{33}}{5}.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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