2025 AMC 10A 第 12 题

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12.

Carlos 用一个 44 位密码解锁电脑。在他的密码中,恰好一个数字是偶数,恰好一个(可能是不同的)数字是质数,并且没有数字是 00。有多少个 44 位密码满足这些条件?

Carlos uses a 44-digit passcode to unlock his computer. In his passcode, exactly one digit is even, exactly one (possibly different) digit is prime, and no digit is 0.0. How many 44-digit passcodes satisfy these conditions?

176176

192192

432432

464464

608608

答案:D
知识点:分类讨论乘法原理
难度评级:1560
解答:

没有数字是 00,所以可用数字为 1199。先固定唯一的偶数数字在第一个位置,最后再乘以 44 来选择它的位置。按这个偶数数字分类。若它是质数 22,则三个奇数数字都必须不是质数,所以每个只能是 1199,共有 23=82^3 = 8 种。否则偶数数字是 4,64, 688,有 33 种;三个奇数位置中恰好一个是质数,可选 3,53, 577,有 33 种,并可放在 33 个奇数位置之一;另外两个奇数来自 {1,9}\{1, 9\},有 222^2 种。这部分共有 3334=1083 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 = 108 种。总数为 4(8+108)=4644(8 + 108) = 464。因此正确答案是 D

No digit is 0,0, so digits run from 11 to 9.9. Put the single even digit in the first slot for now and multiply by 44 at the end to place it. Split on that even digit. If it's the prime 2,2, then the three odd digits all have to be non-prime, so each is 11 or 9,9, giving 23=82^3 = 8 ways. Otherwise the even digit is 4,6,4, 6, or 88 (33 choices), and exactly one of the odd digits is prime, worth 3,5,3, 5, or 77 (33 choices) in one of the 33 odd positions, while the other two odds come from {1,9}\{1, 9\} (222^2 ways). That's 3334=108.3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 4 = 108. Altogether, 4(8+108)=464.4(8 + 108) = 464. Therefore, the answer is D.

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