2023 AMC 10A 第 11 题

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11.

在一个面积为 33 的正方形内,内接了一个面积为 22 的正方形,从而形成 个较小的全等直角三角形。阴影直角三角形中,较短直角边与较长直角边的比是多少?

A square of area 22 is inscribed in a square of area 3,3, creating four congruent triangles, as shown below. What is the ratio of the shorter leg to the longer leg in the shaded right triangle?

15\dfrac{1}{5}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

232 - \sqrt{3}

32\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}

21\sqrt{2} - 1

答案:C
知识点:正方形(几何)勾股定理韦达定理
难度评级:1500
解答:

每个角上的直角三角形有直角边 aabb。外层正方形的一条边给出 a+b=3a+b=\sqrt3,内接正方形的一条边给出 a2+b2=2a^2+b^2=2。相减求积:2ab=(a+b)2(a2+b2)2ab=(a+b)^2-(a^2+b^2) =32=3-2 =1=1,所以 ab=12ab=\tfrac12。于是 aabbt23t+12=0t^2-\sqrt3\,t+\tfrac12=0 的根,即 3±12\tfrac{\sqrt3\pm1}{2}。较短边与较长边之比为 313+1\dfrac{\sqrt3-1}{\sqrt3+1} =(31)22=\dfrac{(\sqrt3-1)^2}{2} =23=2-\sqrt3。因此,正确答案是 C

Each corner right triangle has legs aa and b.b. A side of the outer square gives a+b=3,a+b=\sqrt3, and a side of the inscribed square gives a2+b2=2.a^2+b^2=2. Subtract to find the product: 2ab=(a+b)2(a2+b2)2ab=(a+b)^2-(a^2+b^2) =32=3-2 =1,=1, so ab=12.ab=\tfrac12. Then aa and bb are the roots of t23t+12=0,t^2-\sqrt3\,t+\tfrac12=0, namely 3±12.\tfrac{\sqrt3\pm1}{2}. The ratio of the smaller leg to the larger is 313+1\dfrac{\sqrt3-1}{\sqrt3+1} =(31)22=\dfrac{(\sqrt3-1)^2}{2} =23.=2-\sqrt3. Thus, C is the correct answer.

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