2021 AMC 10B Spring 第 20 题

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20.

下图由 1111 条线段构成,每条线段长度都为 22。五边形 ABCDEABCDE 的面积可写成 m+n\sqrt{m} + \sqrt{n},其中 mmnn 为正整数。m+nm + n 等于多少?

The figure below is constructed from 1111 line segments, each of which has length 2.2. The area of pentagon ABCDEABCDE can be written as m+n,\sqrt{m} + \sqrt{n}, where mm and nn are positive integers. What is m+n?m + n ?

2020

2121

2222

2323

2424

答案:D
知识点:面积分割等边三角形特殊直角三角形
难度评级:1950
解答:

FF 为与 A,B,A,B,C.C. 相连但未标字母的点。因为所有画出的线段长度都是 2,2,三角形 ABFABFCBFCBF 是位于 BF.BF. 两侧的等边三角形。因此 ABC=120,\angle ABC=120^\circ,所以

[ABC]=1222sin120=3.[ABC]=\frac12\cdot2\cdot2\sin120^\circ=\sqrt3.

另一侧同理可得 [ADE]=3.[ADE]=\sqrt3. 此外,在 ABC\triangle ABC 中应用余弦定理,得 AC2=12,AC^2=12,同理 AD2=12.AD^2=12. 因此等腰三角形 ACDACD 到底边 CD=2CD=2 的高为

(12)212=11.\sqrt{(\sqrt{12})^2-1^2}=\sqrt{11}.

所以 [ACD]=12211=11.[ACD]=\frac12\cdot2\cdot\sqrt{11}=\sqrt{11}. 五边形的总面积为

12+11,\sqrt{12}+\sqrt{11},

所以 m+n=12+11=23.m+n=12+11=23.

所以答案是 D

Let FF be the unlabeled point joined to A,B,A,B, and C.C. Because all the drawn segments have length 2,2, triangles ABFABF and CBFCBF are equilateral and lie on opposite sides of BF.BF. Hence ABC=120,\angle ABC=120^\circ, so

[ABC]=1222sin120=3.[ABC]=\frac12\cdot2\cdot2\sin120^\circ=\sqrt3.

The same reasoning on the other side gives [ADE]=3.[ADE]=\sqrt3. Also, the Law of Cosines in ABC\triangle ABC gives AC2=12,AC^2=12, and similarly AD2=12.AD^2=12. Thus the altitude of isosceles triangle ACDACD to its base CD=2CD=2 is

(12)212=11.\sqrt{(\sqrt{12})^2-1^2}=\sqrt{11}.

Therefore [ACD]=12211=11.[ACD]=\frac12\cdot2\cdot\sqrt{11}=\sqrt{11}. The pentagon's total area is

12+11,\sqrt{12}+\sqrt{11},

so m+n=12+11=23.m+n=12+11=23.

Thus, the answer is D .

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