2008 AMC 10B 第 20 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

一个立方体骰子的面标有 1,2,2,3,31,2,2,3,344。第二个立方体骰子的面标有 1,3,4,5,61,3,4,5,688。掷两个骰子,两个朝上数字之和为 557799 的概率是多少?

The faces of a cubical die are marked with the numbers 1,2,2,3,3,1,2,2,3,3, and 4.4. The faces of a second cubical die are marked with the numbers 1,3,4,5,6,1,3,4,5,6, and 8.8. Both dice are thrown. What is the probability that the sum of the two top numbers will be 5,5, 7,7, or 9?9?

518\dfrac{5}{18}

718\dfrac{7}{18}

1118\dfrac{11}{18}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

89\dfrac{8}{9}

答案:B
知识点:骰子(概率)系统列举
难度评级:1510
解答:

3636 个等可能结果中,和为 55 的有 (1,4),(2,3),(2,3),(4,1)(1,4),(2,3),(2,3),(4,1),共 44 个。

和为 77 的有 (1,6),(2,5),(2,5)(1,6),(2,5),(2,5)(3,4),(3,4),(4,3)(3,4),(3,4),(4,3),共 66 个;和为 99 的有 (1,8),(3,6),(3,6),(4,5)(1,8),(3,6),(3,6),(4,5),共 44 个。

因此概率为 4+6+436=1436=718\tfrac{4+6+4}{36}=\tfrac{14}{36}=\tfrac{7}{18}

所以正确答案是 B

Of the 3636 equally likely outcomes, the pairs giving sum 55 are (1,4),(2,3),(2,3),(4,1),(1,4),(2,3),(2,3),(4,1), which is 44 outcomes.

Sum 77 comes from (1,6),(2,5),(2,5),(1,6),(2,5),(2,5), (3,4),(3,4),(4,3),(3,4),(3,4),(4,3), which is 6,6, and sum 99 from (1,8),(3,6),(3,6),(4,5),(1,8),(3,6),(3,6),(4,5), which is 4.4.

The probability is 4+6+436=1436=718.\tfrac{4+6+4}{36}=\tfrac{14}{36}=\tfrac{7}{18}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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