2008 AMC 10B 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
一名篮球运动员在一场比赛中投进了 个球。每个进球值 分或 分。该运动员总得分可能有多少种不同的数值?
A basketball player made baskets during a game. Each basket was worth either or points. How many different numbers could represent the total points scored by the player?
小提示:
如果有 个进球值 分,则总分为 。
If baskets are worth points, the total is
大提示:
当 从 到 变化时,总分每次增加 。
As runs from to , the total increases by each time
解答:
如果 个进球值 分,其余值 分,总分为 。
当 取 时,总分取从 到 的每个整数,共 种可能。
所以正确答案是 E。
If of the baskets are worth points and the rest worth the total is
As ranges over the total takes every integer value from to giving possibilities.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
2.
如图所示,一个 的日历日期方块。先将第二行数字的顺序反过来。然后将第四行数字的顺序反过来。最后,把两条对角线上的数字分别相加。两个对角线和的正差是多少?
A block of calendar dates is shown. The order of the numbers in the second row is to be reversed. Then the order of the numbers in the fourth row is to be reversed. Finally, the numbers on each diagonal are to be added. What will be the positive difference between the two diagonal sums?
小提示:
将第 行和第 行反向后,写出新的方格。
After reversing rows and write out the new grid
大提示:
主对角线为 ,另一条对角线为 。
The main diagonal reads and the other reads
解答:
将第二行反为 ,第四行反为 后,两条对角线分别为 和 。
它们的和为 和 ,正差为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
After reversing the second row to and the fourth row to the two diagonals are and
Their sums are and so the positive difference is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
3.
假设 是正实数。下列哪一项等价于
Assume that is a positive real number. Which is equivalent to
4.
一个半职业棒球联盟中每队有 名球员。联盟规则规定,每名球员工资至少为 ,并且每队所有球员工资总和不能超过 。单名球员最高可能工资是多少美元?
A semipro baseball league has teams with players each. League rules state that a player must be paid at least and that the total of all players’ salaries for each team cannot exceed What is the maximum possible salary, in dollars, for a single player?
小提示:
要让一个人工资最大,就让其他人都拿允许的最低工资。
To maximize one salary, pay everyone else as little as allowed
大提示:
其他 名球员每人拿 。
The other players each earn
解答:
当其他 名球员各拿最低工资 时,某一名球员工资最大。
剩下给这名球员的是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
One player’s salary is largest when the other players each earn the minimum
That leaves for the single player.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
5.
6.
点 和 在 上。 的长度是 的 倍, 的长度是 的 倍。 的长度是 长度的几分之几?
Points and lie on The length of is times the length of and the length of is times the length of The length of is what fraction of the length of
7.
一个边长为 的等边三角形完全由不重叠的边长为 的等边三角形填满。需要多少个小三角形?
An equilateral triangle of side length is completely filled in by non-overlapping equilateral triangles of side length How many small triangles are required?
答案:C
小提示:
面积随边长的平方缩放。
Area scales with the square of the side length
大提示:
大三角形面积是小三角形面积的 倍。
The big triangle has times the area of a small one
解答:
大三角形边长是小三角形的 倍,所以面积是小三角形的 倍。
因为小三角形无重叠地铺满它,正好需要 个。
所以正确答案是 C。
The large triangle has side length times that of a small triangle, so its area is times as large.
Since the small triangles tile it without overlap, exactly of them are required.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
8.
一个班级筹集了 ,为住院同学买花。玫瑰每朵 ,康乃馨每朵 。不使用其他花。恰好花完 可以购买多少种不同的花束?
A class collects to buy flowers for a classmate who is in the hospital. Roses cost each, and carnations cost each. No other flowers are to be used. How many different bouquets could be purchased for exactly
小提示:
设玫瑰数量为 ,则 。
Let be the number of roses; then
大提示:
因为 和 都是偶数, 必须是偶数,且 。
Since is even and is even, must be even, and
解答:
若买 朵玫瑰和 朵康乃馨,则 。因为 和 都是偶数, 必须是偶数,所以 是偶数。
又 ,所以 。偶数值 各自给出一个有效的 ,共有 种花束。
所以正确答案是 C。
If roses and carnations are bought, then Because and are even, must be even, so is even.
Also so The even values each give a valid which is bouquets.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
9.
二次方程 有两个实数解。这两个解的平均数是多少?
A quadratic equation has two real solutions. What is the average of the solutions?
10.
点 和 在半径为 的圆上,且 。点 是小弧 的中点。线段 的长度是多少?
Points and are on a circle of radius and Point is the midpoint of the minor arc What is the length of the line segment
小提示:
从圆心经过 的直线垂直平分弦 。
The line from the center through perpendicularly bisects chord
大提示:
先求圆心到弦的距离,再从 中减去它,得到到 的距离,然后使用一条直角边为 的直角三角形。
Find the center-to-chord distance, subtract from to reach then use the right triangle with leg
解答:
设 为圆心, 为 的中点。于是 ,且 ,所以 。
因为 是小弧中点,所以 、、 共线,且 。
因此 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Let be the center and the midpoint of Then with so
Since is the midpoint of the minor arc, are collinear and
Then
Thus, the correct answer is A.
11.
12.
邮差 Pete 有一个计步器来记录步数。计步器最多显示 步,下一步会翻转为 。Pete 计划计算自己一年的里程。一月 日,Pete 将计步器设为 。一年中,计步器从 翻到 共四十四次。十二月 日,计步器显示 。Pete 每英里走 步。以下哪一项最接近 Pete 这一年走的英里数?
Postman Pete has a pedometer to count his steps. The pedometer records up to steps, then flips over to on the next step. Pete plans to determine his mileage for a year. On January Pete sets the pedometer to During the year, the pedometer flips from to forty-four times. On December the pedometer reads Pete takes steps per mile. Which of the following is closest to the number of miles Pete walked during the year?
13.
对每个正整数 ,某数列前 项的平均数为 。这个数列的第 项是多少?
For each positive integer the mean of the first terms of a sequence is What is the th term of the sequence?
14.
三角形 中,、,且 在第一象限。此外,,。若将 绕 逆时针旋转 ,点 的像的坐标是什么?
Triangle has and in the first quadrant. In addition, and Suppose that is rotated counterclockwise about What are the coordinates of the image of
小提示:
先求 :因为直角在 ,所以 。
Find first: since the right angle is at
大提示:
绕原点逆时针旋转 将 变为 。
A counterclockwise rotation sends to
解答:
因为 ,线段 竖直,所以 。
绕原点逆时针旋转 将 变为 ,所以 的像为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Because segment is vertical, so
A counterclockwise rotation about the origin sends to so the image of is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
15.
有多少个直角三角形的两条直角边为整数 和 ,斜边长为 ,且 ?
How many right triangles have integer leg lengths and and a hypotenuse of length where
小提示:
建立 并化简。
Set and simplify
大提示:
这给出 ,所以 是满足 的奇完全平方数。
This gives so is an odd perfect square with
解答:
由 得 ,所以 是奇数,且 是奇完全平方数。
因为 ,需要 ,且当 时有 。奇平方数 给出 ,共有 个三角形。
所以正确答案是 A。
From we get so is odd and is an odd perfect square.
Since we need and for The odd squares give which is triangles.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
16.
抛两枚公平硬币一次。每出现一个正面,就掷一个公平骰子。骰子点数之和为奇数的概率是多少?(注意,如果没有掷骰子,则和为 。)
Two fair coins are to be tossed once. For each head that results, one fair die is to be rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the die rolls is odd? (Note that if no die is rolled, the sum is )
小提示:
只要至少掷一个骰子,点数和为奇数的概率就是一半。
If at least one die is rolled, the sum is odd exactly half the time
大提示:
先排除不掷骰子的概率(两枚硬币都为反面),再取剩余情况的一半。
Subtract the probability of rolling no dice (both coins tails), then take half of the rest
解答:
只要至少掷一个骰子,由对称性,点数和为奇数的概率为 。
不掷骰子只在两枚硬币都为反面时发生,概率为 ;此时点数和 是偶数。因此所求概率为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Whenever at least one die is rolled, by symmetry the sum is odd with probability
No die is rolled only when both coins are tails, with probability that sum is even. So the answer is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
17.
一项民意调查显示,所有选民中有 认可市长的工作。调查员在三个不同场合各随机选择一名选民。恰好一次选择到认可市长工作的选民的概率是多少?
A poll shows that of all voters approve of the mayor’s work. On three separate occasions a pollster selects a voter at random. What is the probability that on exactly one of these three occasions the voter approves of the mayor’s work?
小提示:
三次中恰好一次认可有 种有序位置。
Exactly one approval can happen in ordered ways
大提示:
每种排列的概率为 。
Each such arrangement has probability
解答:
三次中恰好一次认可有 种方式,每种概率为 。
总概率为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Exactly one approval among three occasions arises in ways, each with probability
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
18.
砌砖工 Brenda 单独建一个烟囱需要 小时,砌砖工 Brandon 单独建需要 小时。他们一起工作时聊天很多,合计产出每小时减少 块砖。他们一起工作 小时建完烟囱。这个烟囱有多少块砖?
Bricklayer Brenda would take hours to build a chimney alone, and bricklayer Brandon would take hours to build it alone. When they work together, they talk a lot, and their combined output is decreased by bricks per hour. Working together, they build the chimney in hours. How many bricks are in the chimney?
小提示:
设砖块数为 ;他们单独工作的速度为 和 。
Let be the number of bricks; their solo rates are and
大提示:
他们一起每小时砌 块砖,工作 小时合计为 。
Together they lay bricks per hour for hours to total
解答:
设砖块数为 。Brenda 每小时砌 块,Brandon 每小时砌 块,所以一起每小时砌 块。
他们工作 小时共完成 块:解得 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let be the number of bricks. Brenda lays per hour and Brandon so together they lay per hour.
Over hours this equals Solving, which gives
Thus, the correct answer is B.
19.
一个圆柱形水箱半径为 英尺,高为 英尺,横放在地上。水箱中水深为 英尺。水的体积是多少立方英尺?
A cylindrical tank with radius feet and height feet is lying on its side. The tank is filled with water to a depth of feet. What is the volume of the water, in cubic feet?
小提示:
水的横截面是由一条低于圆心 英尺的弦切出的圆弓形。
The water cross-section is a circular segment cut by a chord feet below the center
大提示:
该面积等于一个 扇形减去一个三角形;再乘以长度 。
Its area is a sector minus a triangle; multiply by the length
解答:
被水浸没的横截面是圆弓形。弦在圆心下方 英尺,且 ,所以半角为 ,圆心角为 。
扇形面积为 ,两条半径形成的三角形面积为 ,所以圆弓形面积为 。
乘以长度 ,体积为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The submerged cross-section is a circular segment. The chord is feet below the center, and so the half-angle is and the central angle is
The sector area is and the triangle formed by the two radii has area The segment area is
Multiplying by the length gives
Thus, the correct answer is E.
20.
一个立方体骰子的面标有 ,,,, 和 。第二个立方体骰子的面标有 ,,,, 和 。掷两个骰子,两个朝上数字之和为 、 或 的概率是多少?
The faces of a cubical die are marked with the numbers and The faces of a second cubical die are marked with the numbers and Both dice are thrown. What is the probability that the sum of the two top numbers will be or
小提示:
共有 个等可能结果;数出和为 或 的结果。
There are equally likely outcomes; count those summing to or
大提示:
注意第一个骰子上 和 各出现在两个面上。
Remember each and each on the first die appears on two faces
解答:
在 个等可能结果中,和为 的有 ,共 个。
和为 的有 、,共 个;和为 的有 ,共 个。
因此概率为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Of the equally likely outcomes, the pairs giving sum are which is outcomes.
Sum comes from which is and sum from which is
The probability is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
21.
十把椅子均匀地围绕一张圆桌摆放,并按顺时针编号为 到 。五对夫妻要坐在这些椅子上,男女交替,并且没有人坐在自己配偶的旁边或正对面。共有多少种座位安排?
Ten chairs are evenly spaced around a round table and numbered clockwise from through Five married couples are to sit in the chairs with men and women alternating, and no one is to sit either next to or directly across from his or her spouse. How many seating arrangements are possible?
小提示:
先安排女性;把她们放入交替座位中。
Seat the women first; count their arrangements in the alternating seats
大提示:
固定女性座位后,数男性避开自己配偶的坐法。
For a fixed seating of the women, count how many ways the men can avoid their spouses
解答:
先安排女性。第一位女性可坐任意 把椅子,而男女必须交替,所以其余女性在剩下四个同类座位中有 种排法,共 种安排。
固定一位女性在椅子 。她的配偶必须坐在椅子 或椅子 ;每个选择都会一致地迫使其他男性的位置。因此每种女性安排恰有 种有效男性安排。
总数为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Seat the women first. The first woman may take any of the chairs, and since seats alternate, the remaining women fill their four seats in ways, giving arrangements.
Fix a woman in chair Her spouse must sit in chair or chair each choice then forces the placement of every other man consistently. So each seating of the women yields exactly valid seatings of the men.
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
22.
三颗红珠、两颗白珠和一颗蓝珠随机排成一行。相邻两颗珠子颜色都不同的概率是多少?
Three red beads, two white beads, and one blue bead are placed in a line in random order. What is the probability that no two neighboring beads are the same color?
小提示:
可区分的颜色排列共有 种。
There are distinguishable orderings
大提示:
先放三颗红珠使它们不相邻,再安放白珠和蓝珠。
First place the three red beads so no two are adjacent, then fit the white and blue beads
解答:
可区分的排列共有 种。三颗红珠必须占据不相邻的位置,可能的红珠位置为 和 。
对于 和 ,剩余位置彼此不相邻,所以蓝珠可在 个位置中任意选择,共 种。对于 和 ,剩余位置中有两个相邻,所以蓝珠必须隔开两颗白珠,共 种。
有效排列共 种,所以概率为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
There are distinguishable orderings. The three reds must occupy non-adjacent positions, and the possible red placements are and
For and the remaining seats are mutually non-adjacent, so the blue bead can go in any of the giving For and two remaining seats are adjacent, so the blue must separate the whites, giving
That is valid orderings, so the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
23.
一个矩形地板尺寸为 英尺乘 英尺,其中 和 是正整数且 。一位艺术家在地板上画一个矩形,画出的矩形边与地板边平行。未涂色部分在画出的矩形周围形成宽 英尺的边框,并占整个地板面积的一半。有多少个有序对 满足条件?
A rectangular floor measures feet by feet, where and are positive integers with An artist paints a rectangle on the floor with the sides of the rectangle parallel to the sides of the floor. The unpainted part of the floor forms a border of width foot around the painted rectangle and occupies half the area of the entire floor. How many possibilities are there for the ordered pair
答案:B
小提示:
被涂色的矩形尺寸为 乘 ,面积是 的一半。
The painted rectangle measures by and its area is half of
大提示:
由 ,整理为 。
From rearrange to
解答:
被涂色矩形为 ,且是地板面积的一半,所以 。
展开得 ,两边加 得 。
在 下,分解 ,得到 和 ,所以共有 种可能。
所以正确答案是 B。
The painted rectangle is and it is half the floor, so
Expanding gives and adding yields
With the factorizations give and So there are possibilities.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
24.
四边形 满足 、、。 的度数是多少?
Quadrilateral has and What is the degree measure of
小提示:
在 与 同侧构造等边三角形 。
Build an equilateral triangle on the same side of as
大提示:
证明 和 是等腰三角形,再证明 在 上。
Show and are isosceles, then prove lies on
解答:
令 为使 为等边三角形的点,且与 在 的同侧。于是 ,且 。
因为 且 ,三角形 和 是等腰三角形,所以 ,且 。
于是 ,所以 在 上,且 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let be the point with equilateral, on the same side of as Then and
Since and triangles and are isosceles, giving and
Then so lies on and
Thus, the correct answer is C.
25.
Michael 在一条长直路上以每秒 英尺的速度步行。路上每隔 英尺有一个垃圾桶。一辆垃圾车以每秒 英尺的速度沿同一方向行驶,并在每个垃圾桶处停 秒。当 Michael 经过一个垃圾桶时,他注意到前方的垃圾车刚离开下一个垃圾桶。Michael 和垃圾车会相遇多少次?
Michael walks at the rate of feet per second on a long straight path. Trash pails are located every feet along the path. A garbage truck travels at feet per second in the same direction as Michael and stops for seconds at each pail. As Michael passes a pail, he notices the truck ahead of him just leaving the next pail. How many times will Michael and the truck meet?
小提示:
给垃圾桶编号,使 Michael 从 号桶开始,垃圾车从 号桶开始;追踪到达时间。
Number the pails so Michael starts at pail and the truck at pail track arrival times
大提示:
Michael 在 秒到达 号桶;垃圾车在 秒离开 号桶。
Michael reaches pail at seconds; the truck leaves pail at seconds
解答:
给垃圾桶编号,使 Michael 在 号桶,垃圾车在 号桶。Michael 在 号桶的到达时间为 秒;垃圾车在 号桶的离开时间为 秒,到达时间为 秒。
Michael 和垃圾车在 号桶相遇当且仅当 ,化简得 。
在 号桶他们在垃圾车离开时相遇,在 和 号桶 Michael 经过停着的车,在 号桶他们在垃圾车到达时相遇。此外,在 号和 号桶之间,垃圾车还必须超过 Michael 一次,所以总共相遇 次。
所以正确答案是 B。
Number the pails so Michael is at pail and the truck at pail Michael reaches pail at seconds. The truck leaves pail at seconds and arrives there at seconds.
Michael and the truck are together at pail when which simplifies to
At pail they meet as the truck departs, at pails and Michael passes it, and at pail they meet as the truck arrives. Between pails and the truck must overtake Michael once more, so in total they meet times.
Thus, the correct answer is B.