2002 AMC 10B 第 3 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

3.

集合 {9,99,999,9999,,999999999}\{9, 99, 999, 9999, \ldots, 999999999\} 中九个数的算术平均数是一个 99 位数 MM,且它的所有数字互不相同。数字 MM 不含哪个数字?

The arithmetic mean of the nine numbers in the set {9,99,999,9999,,999999999}\{9, 99, 999, 9999, \ldots, 999999999\} is a 99-digit number M,M, all of whose digits are distinct. Which digit does the number MM not contain?

00

22

44

66

88

答案:A
知识点:平均数数字位值
难度评级:960
解答:

平均数可以写成 19(9+99+999++999999999)=1+11+111++111111111. \begin{aligned} &\dfrac{1}{9} \\ &\quad {}\cdot \small \left(9 + 99 + 999 + \cdots + 999999999\right) \\ &= 1 + 11 + 111 + \cdots \\ &\quad {}+ 111111111. \end{aligned}

把这九个各位均为一的数按列相加,得到 M=123456789M = 123456789

MM 唯一缺少的数字是 00

所以正确答案是 A

The mean is 19(9+99+999++999999999)=1+11+111++111111111. \begin{aligned} &\dfrac{1}{9} \\ &\quad {}\cdot \small \left(9 + 99 + 999 + \cdots + 999999999\right) \\ &= 1 + 11 + 111 + \cdots \\ &\quad {}+ 111111111. \end{aligned}

Adding these nine repunits column by column gives M=123456789.M = 123456789.

The only digit missing from MM is 0.0.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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