2022 AMC 10A 第 3 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

3.

三个数的和为 9696。第一个数是第三个数的 66 倍,第三个数比第二个数少 4040。第一个数与第二个数之差的绝对值是多少?

The sum of three numbers is 96.96. The first number is 66 times the third number, and the third number is 4040 less than the second number. What is the absolute value of the difference between the first and second numbers?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:E
知识点:方程组一次方程
难度评级:900
小提示:

设第三个数为这个变量

Let the third number be the variable

大提示:

用这个变量表示另外两个数

Write the other two numbers in terms of that variable

解答:

设这三个数分别为 x,yx, yzz。题目中的条件给出下面的关系:

x+y+z=96(1)x=6z(2)z=y40(3)\begin{aligned} x+y+z&=96 &&\text{(1)} \\ x&=6z &&\text{(2)} \\ z&=y-40 &&\text{(3)} \end{aligned}\text{。}

(3)(3) 变形,得到 y=z+40y = z + 40。再把这个新等式和 (2)(2) 代入 (1)(1),得到 6z+z+40+z=96 6z + z + 40 + z = 96 8z+40=96 8z + 40 = 96 8z=56z=7 8z = 56 \Rightarrow z = 7\text{。}

由此得到 x=6z=67=42 x = 6 \cdot z = 6 \cdot 7 = 42 以及 y=z+40=7+40=47 y = z + 40 = 7 + 40 = 47\text{。}

因此 yx=4742=5y - x = 47 - 42 = 5

所以正确答案是 E

Let x,y,x, y, and zz be the three numbers. The conditions from the problem give us the following relations:

x+y+z=96(1)x=6z(2)z=y40(3).\begin{aligned} x+y+z&=96 &&\text{(1)} \\ x&=6z &&\text{(2)} \\ z&=y-40 &&\text{(3)}. \end{aligned}

Rearranging (3),(3), we get y=z+40.y = z + 40. Plugging this new equation and (2)(2) into (1),(1), we get 6z+z+40+z=96 6z + z + 40 + z = 96 8z+40=96 8z + 40 = 96 8z=56z=7. 8z = 56 \Rightarrow z = 7.

From this, we get that x=6z=67=42 x = 6 \cdot z = 6 \cdot 7 = 42 and y=z+40=7+40=47. y = z + 40 = 7 + 40 = 47.

Therefore, yx=4742=5.y - x = 47 - 42 = 5.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

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