1994 AMC 8 第 22 题

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22.

右图中的两个转盘各转一次,并把得到的两个数相加。两个数之和为偶数的概率是

The two wheels shown at the right are spun and the two resulting numbers are added. The probability that the sum of the two numbers is even is

16\dfrac{1}{6}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

512\dfrac{5}{12}

49\dfrac{4}{9}

答案:D
知识点:基本概率奇偶性
难度评级:1060
小提示:

第一个转盘中 33 占一半,11 和 22 各占四分之一;第二个转盘被平均分成三份

On the first wheel 33 covers half and 11 and 22 each cover a quarter; the second wheel is divided into equal thirds

大提示:

和为偶数当且仅当两个数同为偶数或同为奇数

The sum is even when both numbers are even or both are odd

解答:

第一个转盘中,P(1)=14P(1) = \dfrac14,P(2)=14P(2) = \dfrac14,P(3)=12P(3) = \dfrac12。第二个转盘中,44、55、66 各自的概率为 13\dfrac13。

和为偶数需要两个数同奇偶。两数都为奇数时,第一个数是 11 或 33,概率为 (34)\left(\dfrac34\right);第二个数是 55,概率为 (13)\left(\dfrac13\right),所以概率为 34⋅13=14\dfrac34 \cdot \dfrac13 = \dfrac14。两数都为偶数时,第一个数是 22,概率为 (14)\left(\dfrac14\right);第二个数是 44 或 66,概率为 (23)\left(\dfrac23\right),所以概率为 14⋅23=16\dfrac14 \cdot \dfrac23 = \dfrac16。

总概率是 14+16=512\dfrac14 + \dfrac16 = \dfrac{5}{12}。

所以正确答案是 D。

On the first wheel, P(1)=14,P(1) = \dfrac14, P(2)=14,P(2) = \dfrac14, and P(3)=12.P(3) = \dfrac12. On the second wheel, each of 4,4, 5,5, 66 has probability 13.\dfrac13.

The sum is even when both numbers are odd or both are even. Both odd: the first is 11 or 33 (34)\left(\dfrac34\right) and the second is 55 (13),\left(\dfrac13\right), giving 34⋅13=14.\dfrac34 \cdot \dfrac13 = \dfrac14. Both even: the first is 22 (14)\left(\dfrac14\right) and the second is 44 or 66 (23),\left(\dfrac23\right), giving 14⋅23=16.\dfrac14 \cdot \dfrac23 = \dfrac16.

The total probability is 14+16=512.\dfrac14 + \dfrac16 = \dfrac{5}{12}.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

第 21 题#21
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