2024 AMC 10B 第 22 题

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22.

1616 个人将被分成 44 个不可区分的 44 人委员会。每个委员会有一名主席和一名秘书。这些安排方式的数量可写成 3rM3^r M,其中 rrMM 是正整数,且 MM 不被 33 整除。求 rr

A group of 1616 people will be partitioned into 44 indistinguishable 44-person committees. Each committee will have one chairperson and one secretary. The number of different ways to make these assignments can be written as 3rM,3^r M, where rr and MM are positive integers and MM is not divisible by 3.3. What is r?r?

55

66

77

88

99

答案:A
知识点:组合勒让德公式质因数分解
难度评级:2120
解答:

先把 1616 个人分成 44 个不可区分的 44 人组,共有 16!(4!)44!\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4 \, 4!} 种方法;每个委员会再选主席和秘书,有 43=124 \cdot 3 = 12 种,因而贡献因子 12412^4。现在数因子 33。在 16!16! 中有 16/3+16/9=6\lfloor 16/3 \rfloor + \lfloor 16/9 \rfloor = 6;分母 (4!)44!(4!)^4 \, 4! 贡献 41+1=54 \cdot 1 + 1 = 5;而 12412^4 贡献 44。指数为 65+4=56 - 5 + 4 = 5,所以 r=5r = 5。因此正确答案是 A

Split 1616 people into 44 indistinguishable groups of 44 in 16!(4!)44!\dfrac{16!}{(4!)^4 \, 4!} ways, then each committee picks a chairperson and a secretary in 43=124 \cdot 3 = 12 ways, a factor of 124.12^4. Now count factors of 3.3. In 16!16! there are 16/3+16/9=6;\lfloor 16/3 \rfloor + \lfloor 16/9 \rfloor = 6; the denominator (4!)44!(4!)^4 \, 4! contributes 41+1=5;4 \cdot 1 + 1 = 5; and 12412^4 contributes 4.4. The exponent is 65+4=5,6 - 5 + 4 = 5, so r=5.r = 5. Therefore, the answer is A.

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