2024 AMC 10B 第 15 题

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15.

一个由 99 个实数组成的列表包括 112.22.23.23.25.25.26.26.277,以及 x,y,zx, y, z,其中 xyzx \le y \le z。这个列表的极差为 77,平均数和中位数都是正整数。有多少个有序三元组 (x,y,z)(x, y, z) 可能?

A list of 99 real numbers consists of 1,1, 2.2,2.2, 3.2,3.2, 5.2,5.2, 6.2,6.2, 7,7, as well as x,y,zx, y, z with xyz.x \le y \le z. The range of the list is 7,7, and the mean and median are both positive integers. How many ordered triples (x,y,z)(x, y, z) are possible?

11

22

33

44

无限多个

infinitely many

答案:C
知识点:平均数中位数(数据)极差分类讨论
难度评级:1730
解答:

六个固定数之和为 24.8.24.8. 若平均数是整数 k,k,x+y+z=9k24.8.x+y+z=9k-24.8. 因为固定数已经从 11 延伸到 7,7,极差条件给出三种情况。

z7,z\le7,x=0.x=0.y+zy+z 的范围限制迫使 k=3k=34.4.k=3,k=3, 时,中位数为 2.2;2.2;k=4,k=4, 时,y+z=11.2,y+z=11.2,所以 y4.2y\ge4.2,而中位数为整数仅当 y=5,y=5,得到 (x,y,z)=(0,5,6.2).(x,y,z)=(0,5,6.2).

x1,x\ge1,z=8.z=8. 此时 k=4k=4 给出中位数 3.2.3.2.k=5,k=5, 时,x+y=12.2;x+y=12.2;中位数为整数仅当 x=6,x=6,得到 (6,6.2,8).(6,6.2,8).

剩余情况满足 0<x<10<x<1z=x+7.z=x+7. 总和介于 31.831.841.8,41.8, 之间,所以 k=4k=4,且 y=4.22x.y=4.2-2x. 中位数为整数仅当 y=4,y=4,得到 (0.1,4,7.1).(0.1,4,7.1). 因此恰有 33 个有序三元组符合条件。所以正确答案是 C

The six fixed numbers total 24.8.24.8. If the mean is the integer k,k, then x+y+z=9k24.8.x+y+z=9k-24.8. Because the fixed entries already run from 11 to 7,7, the range condition gives three cases.

If z7,z\le7, then x=0.x=0. The bounds on y+zy+z force k=3k=3 or 4.4. For k=3,k=3, the median is 2.2;2.2; for k=4,k=4, we have y+z=11.2,y+z=11.2, so y4.2y\ge4.2 and the median is integral only when y=5,y=5, giving (x,y,z)=(0,5,6.2).(x,y,z)=(0,5,6.2).

If x1,x\ge1, then z=8.z=8. Here k=4k=4 gives median 3.2.3.2. For k=5,k=5, we have x+y=12.2;x+y=12.2; the median is integral only when x=6,x=6, giving (6,6.2,8).(6,6.2,8).

The remaining case has 0<x<10<x<1 and z=x+7.z=x+7. The total lies between 31.831.8 and 41.8,41.8, so k=4k=4 and y=4.22x.y=4.2-2x. The median can be an integer only when y=4,y=4, giving (0.1,4,7.1).(0.1,4,7.1). Hence exactly 33 ordered triples work. Thus, C is the correct answer.

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