2023 AMC 10A 第 16 题

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16.

在一场网球锦标赛中,每个人都与其他每个人各比赛一次。在这场比赛中,右手选手的人数是左手选手的两倍,但左手选手赢的场数比右手选手多 40%40\%。总共进行了多少场比赛?

In a table tennis tournament every participant played every other participant exactly once. Although there were twice as many right-handed players as left-handed players, the number of games won by left-handed players was 40%40\% more than the number of games won by right-handed players. (There were no ties and no ambidextrous players.) What is the total number of games played?

1515

3636

4545

4848

6666

答案:B
知识点:组合比与比例
难度评级:1730
解答:

设有 LL 名左手选手和 2L2L 名右手选手,所以共有 3L3L 名选手,比赛场数为 (3L2)\binom{3L}{2}。每场比赛有一名获胜者,且左手胜场是右手胜场的 1.41.4 倍,所以胜场按 7:57 : 5 分配,总场数必须是 1212 的倍数。左手选手至多赢下所有至少有一名左手选手参加的比赛,共 (L2)+2L2\binom{L}{2} + 2L^2 场。因此 化简得 L3L \leq 3。当 L=1L = 1L=2L = 2 时,总场数不是 1212 的倍数;当 L=3L = 3 时,总场数为 (92)=36\binom{9}{2} = 36。这种结果确实可以实现:左手选手赢下对阵右手选手的全部 1818 场比赛和左手选手之间的全部 33 场比赛,而右手选手赢下彼此之间的全部 1515 场比赛。这样双方的胜场数分别为 21211515。因此总共进行了 3636 场比赛,答案是 B712(3L2)(L2)+2L2, \frac{7}{12}\binom{3L}{2} \leq \binom{L}{2} + 2L^2,

Say there are LL left-handers and 2L2L right-handers, so 3L3L players and (3L2)\binom{3L}{2} games. Every game has one winner, and left wins are 1.41.4 times right wins, so the wins split 7:57 : 5 and the total must be a multiple of 1212. Left-handers can win at most all games involving at least one left-hander, namely (L2)+2L2\binom{L}{2} + 2L^2. Hence 712(3L2)(L2)+2L2, \frac{7}{12}\binom{3L}{2} \leq \binom{L}{2} + 2L^2, which gives L3L \leq 3. For L=1L = 1 and L=2L = 2, the total is not divisible by 1212. For L=3L = 3, there are (92)=36\binom{9}{2} = 36 games. This is attainable if the left-handers win all 1818 cross-group games and all 33 games among themselves, while the right-handers win their 1515 internal games. The win totals are 2121 and 1515, so the answer is 3636. Therefore, the answer is B.

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