2022 AMC 10B 第 8 题

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8.

考虑下面 100100 个集合,每个集合含 1010 个元素:{1,2,3,,10},{11,12,13,,20},{21,22,23,,30},{991,992,993,,1000}\begin{gathered} \{1,2,3,\ldots,10\},\\ \{11,12,13,\ldots,20\},\\ \{21,22,23,\ldots,30\},\\ \vdots\\ \{991,992,993,\ldots,1000\} \end{gathered}\text{。}其中有多少个集合恰好含有两个 77 的倍数?

Consider the following 100100 sets of 1010 elements each: {1,2,3,,10},{11,12,13,,20},{21,22,23,,30},{991,992,993,,1000}.\begin{gathered} \{1,2,3,\ldots,10\},\\ \{11,12,13,\ldots,20\},\\ \{21,22,23,\ldots,30\},\\ \vdots\\ \{991,992,993,\ldots,1000\}. \end{gathered} How many of these sets contain exactly two multiples of 7?7?

 40\ 40

 42\ 42

 43\ 43

 49\ 49

 50\ 50

答案:B
知识点:倍数模运算分类讨论
难度评级:1370
小提示:

一个区间恰含两个倍数,当且仅当其中第一个 77 的倍数末位为 112233

A block has two multiples exactly when its first multiple of 77 ends in 1,1, 2,2, or 33

大提示:

追踪 77 的各个倍数的个位数字

Track the units digits of the multiples of 77

解答:

一个由十个连续整数组成的集合恰好含有两个 77 的倍数,当且仅当其中第一个 77 的倍数位于前三个位置之一。因此,这个倍数的个位数字必须是 112233

这些个位数字所对应的 77 的倍数分别为 21+70j,42+70j,63+70j\begin{gathered}21+70j,\\42+70j,\\63+70j\end{gathered}\text{。}对每个表达式,j=0,1,,13j=0,1,\ldots,13 都会给出不超过 10001000 的数,因此每一类对应 1414 个集合。总数为 314=423\cdot14=42

所以正确答案是 B

A block of ten consecutive integers contains exactly two multiples of 77 precisely when its first multiple of 77 is in one of the first three positions. Thus that multiple must have units digit 1,1, 2,2, or 3.3.

The multiples of 77 with those units digits are, respectively, 21+70j,42+70j,63+70j.\begin{gathered}21+70j,\\42+70j,\\63+70j.\end{gathered} For each expression, j=0,1,,13j=0,1,\ldots,13 gives a value at most 1000,1000, so each class contributes 1414 blocks. Therefore, the total is 314=42.3\cdot14=42.

Thus, the answer is B .

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