2021 AMC 10A Spring 第 18 题

先试着解答 2021 AMC 10A Spring 第 18 题,然后核对你的答案与视频与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2021 AMC 10A Spring 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

18.

ff 是定义在正有理数集上的函数,并且 f(ab)=f(a)+f(b)f(a\cdot b)=f(a)+f(b) 对所有正有理数 aabb 都成立。又假设 ff 还满足:对每个质数都有 f(p)=pf(p)=p,其中 pp 为质数。下列哪个数 xx 满足 f(x)<0f(x) < 0

Let ff be a function defined on the set of positive rational numbers with the property that f(ab)=f(a)+f(b)f(a\cdot b)=f(a)+f(b) for all positive rational numbers aa and b.b. Suppose that ff also has the property that f(p)=pf(p)=p for every prime number p.p. For which of the following numbers xx is f(x)<0?f(x) < 0?

1732\dfrac{17}{32}

1116\dfrac{11}{16}

79\dfrac{7}{9}

76\dfrac{7}{6}

2511\dfrac{25}{11}

答案:E
知识点:函数方程质因数分解
难度评级:1280
视频讲解:
解答视频缩略图
Play video

Click to load, then click again to play

文字解答:

对形如 f(pe)=ef(p)=epf(p^e)=ef(p)=ep 的数,其中 pp 是质数,反复应用函数性质可得 eef(a/b)=f(a)f(b)f(a/b)=f(a)-f(b)f(a)=f(ab)+f(b),f(a)=f\left(\frac ab\right)+f(b),

现在可以逐项计算各个选项。 f(17/32)=1752=7,f(11/16)=1142=3,f(7/9)=723=1,f(7/6)=723=2,f(25/11)=2511=1. \begin{aligned} f(17/32)&=17-5\cdot2=7,\\ f(11/16)&=11-4\cdot2=3,\\ f(7/9)&=7-2\cdot3=1,\\ f(7/6)&=7-2-3=2,\\ f(25/11)&=2\cdot5-11=-1. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 E

Repeated use of the functional equation gives f(pe)=ef(p)=epf(p^e)=ef(p)=ep for every prime pp and positive integer e.e. Also, f(a)=f(ab)+f(b),f(a)=f\left(\frac ab\right)+f(b), so f(a/b)=f(a)f(b).f(a/b)=f(a)-f(b).

Evaluating the choices by prime factorization, f(17/32)=1752=7,f(11/16)=1142=3,f(7/9)=723=1,f(7/6)=723=2,f(25/11)=2511=1. \begin{aligned} f(17/32)&=17-5\cdot2=7,\\ f(11/16)&=11-4\cdot2=3,\\ f(7/9)&=7-2\cdot3=1,\\ f(7/6)&=7-2-3=2,\\ f(25/11)&=2\cdot5-11=-1. \end{aligned} Only the final value is negative.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

← 第 17 题#17
完整试卷

其他年份的第 18 题