2020 AMC 10B 第 25 题

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25.

D(n)D(n) 表示把正整数 nn 写成乘积 的方式数,其中 k1k\ge1,每个 fif_i 都是严格大于 11 的整数,并且因子的排列顺序有区别,也就是说仅因因子顺序不同的表示也算不同。例如,66 可写为 66232\cdot 3323\cdot2,所以 D(6)=3D(6) = 3。求 D(96)D(96)n=f1f2fk,n = f_1\cdot f_2\cdots f_k,

Let D(n)D(n) denote the number of ways of writing the positive integer nn as a product n=f1f2fk,n = f_1\cdot f_2\cdots f_k, where k1,k\ge1, the fif_i are integers strictly greater than 1,1, and the order in which the factors are listed matters (that is, two representations that differ only in the order of the factors are counted as distinct). For example, the number 66 can be written as 6,6, 23,2\cdot 3, and 32,3\cdot2, so D(6)=3.D(6) = 3. What is D(96)?D(96)?

112112

128128

144144

172172

184184

答案:A
知识点:质因数分解组合
难度评级:2150
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文字解答:

写作 96=25396=2^5\cdot3。假设一个有序分解有 kk 个因子。唯一的质因子 33 必须出现在恰好一个因子中,可用 kk 种方式选择这个位置。

其余 k1k-1 个因子都必须至少含有一个因子 22,而含 33 的那个因子可以含有任意个因子 22。按这些条件分配五个因子 22,有 种方式。因此含有 kk 个因子的有序分解数为 k(5k1)k\binom{5}{k-1},其中 1k61\le k\le6(5k1)\binom{5}{k-1}

所以 令 j=k1j=k-1,得到 D(96)=k=16k(5k1).D(96)=\sum_{k=1}^6 k\binom{5}{k-1}. j=05(j+1)(5j)=j=05j(5j)+j=05(5j)=524+25=80+32=112. \begin{aligned} &\sum_{j=0}^5 (j+1)\binom5j \\ &\quad =\sum_{j=0}^5 j\binom5j+\sum_{j=0}^5\binom5j \\ &\quad =5\cdot2^4+2^5 \\ &\quad =80+32=112. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 A

Write 96=253.96=2^5\cdot3. Suppose an ordered factorization has kk factors. Exactly one factor contains the single prime factor 33; choose its position in kk ways.

The other k1k-1 factors must each contain at least one factor of 2,2, while the factor containing 33 may contain any number of factors of 2.2. Distributing the five factors of 22 under these conditions can be done in (5k1)\binom{5}{k-1} ways. Therefore the number of ordered factorizations with kk factors is k(5k1),k\binom{5}{k-1}, where 1k6.1\le k\le6.

Thus D(96)=k=16k(5k1).D(96)=\sum_{k=1}^6 k\binom{5}{k-1}. Letting j=k1,j=k-1, this becomes j=05(j+1)(5j)=j=05j(5j)+j=05(5j)=524+25=80+32=112. \begin{aligned} &\sum_{j=0}^5 (j+1)\binom5j \\ &\quad =\sum_{j=0}^5 j\binom5j+\sum_{j=0}^5\binom5j \\ &\quad =5\cdot2^4+2^5 \\ &\quad =80+32=112. \end{aligned}

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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