2020 AMC 10A 第 16 题

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16.

在坐标平面中,从顶点为 (0,0)(0, 0)(2020,0)(2020, 0)(2020,2020)(2020, 2020)(0,2020)(0, 2020) 的正方形内部随机选一点。该点距离某个格点不超过 dd 个单位的概率为 12\tfrac{1}{2}。其中格点指坐标 (x,y)(x, y)xxyy 均为整数的点。求 dd 四舍五入到最接近的十分位是多少?

A point is chosen at random within the square in the coordinate plane whose vertices are (0,0),(0, 0), (2020,0),(2020, 0), (2020,2020),(2020, 2020), and (0,2020).(0, 2020). The probability that the point is within dd units of a lattice point is 12.\tfrac{1}{2}. (A point (x,y)(x, y) is a lattice point if xx and yy are both integers.) What is dd to the nearest tenth?

0.30.3

0.40.4

0.50.5

0.60.6

0.70.7

答案:B
知识点:几何概率圆面积格点
难度评级:1540
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文字解答:

对于 d<12d<\dfrac12,每个单位正方形中,距离某个格点不超过 dd 的部分由四个四分之一圆组成,总面积为 πd2\pi d^2。大正方形由单位正方形铺成,所以所求概率为 πd2\pi d^2

πd2=12\pi d^2=\dfrac12,得 d=12π0.399d=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2\pi}}\approx0.399,四舍五入到十分位为 0.40.4。正确答案是 B

For d<12d<\dfrac12, the points within dd of lattice points occupy, in each unit square, four quarter-circles whose total area is πd2\pi d^2. The enormous square is tiled by unit squares, so the desired probability is πd2\pi d^2.

Setting πd2=12\pi d^2=\dfrac12 gives d=12π0.399d=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2\pi}}\approx0.399, which rounds to 0.40.4. Thus, B is the correct answer.

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