2018 AMC 10B 第 21 题

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21.

Mary 选择了一个偶数 44 位数 nn。她把 nn 的所有因子按从小到大的顺序从左到右写下:1,2,,n2,n1, 2, \ldots, \frac{n}{2}, n。某一刻 Mary 写下了 323323,它是 nn 的一个因子。写在 323323 右边的下一个因子的最小可能值是多少?

Mary chose an even 44-digit number n.n. She wrote down all the divisors of nn in increasing order from left to right: 1,2,,n2,n.1, 2, \ldots, \frac{n}{2}, n. At some moment Mary wrote 323323 as a divisor of n.n. What is the smallest possible value of the next divisor written to the right of 323?323?

324324

330330

340340

361361

646646

答案:C
知识点:因数最小公倍数质因数分解
难度评级:2100
解答:

dd323.323. 后的下一个因数。若 gcd(d,323)=1,\gcd(d,323)=1,nn323d>3232>9999,323d>323^2>9999, 的倍数,这对四位数不可能。因此 gcd(d,323)>1.\gcd(d,323)>1.

因为 323=1719,323=17\cdot19,这个最大公因数至少为 17.17. 它也整除 d323,d-323,所以 d32317d-323\ge17,从而 d340.d\ge340.

这个界可以达到:当 n=6460=2251719,n=6460=2^2\cdot5\cdot17\cdot19, 时,323323340340 都是因数。下界说明二者之间不存在因数。因此最小的下一个因数是 340,340,正确答案是 C

Let dd be the next divisor after 323.323. If gcd(d,323)=1,\gcd(d,323)=1, then nn is a multiple of 323d>3232>9999,323d>323^2>9999, impossible for a four-digit number. Thus gcd(d,323)>1.\gcd(d,323)>1.

Since 323=1719,323=17\cdot19, this gcd is at least 17.17. It also divides d323,d-323, so d32317d-323\ge17 and hence d340.d\ge340.

This bound is attained: for n=6460=2251719,n=6460=2^2\cdot5\cdot17\cdot19, both 323323 and 340340 are divisors. The lower bound shows there is no divisor between them. Thus the smallest possible next divisor is 340,340, and C is the correct answer.

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