2014 AMC 10A 第 18 题

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18.

坐标平面中的一个正方形,其四个顶点的 yy 坐标为 00114455。这个正方形的面积是多少?

A square in the coordinate plane has vertices whose yy-coordinates are 0,0, 1,1, 4,4, and 5.5. What is the area of the square?

1616

1717

2525

2626

2727

答案:B
知识点:坐标几何正方形(几何)向量
难度评级:1720
解答:

正方形的一对对角顶点具有相同的 yy 坐标平均值。因此两对对角顶点的 yy 坐标必须分别是 (0,5)(0,5)(1,4)(1,4),因为只有这两对的和相等。特别地,yy 坐标为 00 的顶点,与 yy 坐标为 1144 的顶点相邻。

设一个顶点为 A=(0,0)A=(0,0),与它相邻且 yy 坐标为 11 的顶点为 B=(x,1)B=(x,1),其中 x>0x>0

把边向量 (x,1)(x,1) 旋转 9090^\circ,得到下一条边的向量 (1,x)(-1,x),所以另一个顶点的纵坐标为 xx。剩余纵坐标为 4455,故 x=4x=4

边长的平方为 AB2=x2+12=42+1=17AB^2=x^2+1^2=4^2+1=17,也就是正方形的面积。

所以正确答案是 B

Opposite vertices of a square have the same average yy-coordinate. Thus the opposite pairs must have yy-coordinates (0,5)(0,5) and (1,4)(1,4), the two pairs with equal sum. In particular, a vertex with yy-coordinate 00 is adjacent to vertices with yy-coordinates 11 and 44.

Let one vertex be A=(0,0)A=(0,0), and let its adjacent vertex with yy-coordinate 11 be B=(x,1)B=(x,1) with x>0x>0.

Rotating the side vector (x,1)(x,1) by 9090^\circ gives the next side vector (1,x)(-1,x), so another vertex has y-coordinate xx. The remaining y-coordinates are 44 and 55, hence x=4x=4.

The side length squared is AB2=x2+12=42+1=17AB^2=x^2+1^2=4^2+1=17, which is the area of the square.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

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