2000 AMC 10 第 5 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

5.

MMNN 分别是 PAB\triangle PAB 的边 PAPAPBPB 的中点。当 PP 沿着一条与边 ABAB 平行的直线移动时,下面四个量中有多少个会改变?

(a)线段 MNMN 的长度;(b)PAB\triangle PAB 的周长;(c)PAB\triangle PAB 的面积;(d)梯形 ABNMABNM 的面积。

Points MM and NN are the midpoints of sides PAPA and PBPB of PAB.\triangle PAB. As PP moves along a line that is parallel to side AB,AB, how many of the four quantities listed below change?

(a) the length of the segment MN;MN; (b) the perimeter of PAB;\triangle PAB; (c) the area of PAB;\triangle PAB; (d) the area of trapezoid ABNM.ABNM.

00

11

22

33

44

答案:B
知识点:三角形面积中点平行线
难度评级:1240
解答:

由于 MNMN 是中位线,MN=12ABMN = \tfrac12 AB 所以它的长度不变。

底边 ABAB 固定,且随着 PP 沿平行线移动,从 PPABAB 的高不变,因此 PAB\triangle PAB 的面积不变;梯形 ABNMABNM 是大三角形减去 PMN\triangle PMN 面积也不变。

只有周长会改变,因为 PAPAPBPB 会随着 PP 的移动而变化。因此恰好有一个量会改变。

所以正确答案是 B

Since MNMN is a midsegment, MN=12AB,MN = \tfrac12 AB, which is fixed.

The base ABAB and the height from PP to ABAB are both constant as PP slides along the parallel line, so the area of PAB\triangle PAB does not change. The trapezoid ABNMABNM is the triangle minus PMN,\triangle PMN, both of whose areas are constant, so its area does not change either.

Only the perimeter changes, since PAPA and PBPB vary as PP moves. So exactly one quantity changes.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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