2025 AMC 10A 第 25 题

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25.

从正方形 ABCDABCD 内随机选择一点 PP。若 APAP 既不是 APB\triangle APB 的最短边,也不是最长边,则这个概率可以写成 a+bπcde\dfrac{a + b\pi - c\sqrt{d}}{e},其中 a,b,c,da, b, c, dee 是正整数,gcd(a,b,c,e)=1\gcd(a, b, c, e) = 1,且 dd 不被任何质数的平方整除。a+b+c+d+ea + b + c + d + e 等于多少?

A point PP is chosen at random inside square ABCD.ABCD. The probability that APAP is neither the shortest nor the longest side of APB\triangle APB can be written as a+bπcde,\dfrac{a + b\pi - c\sqrt{d}}{e}, where a,b,c,d,a, b, c, d, and ee are positive integers, gcd(a,b,c,e)=1,\gcd(a, b, c, e) = 1, and dd is not divisible by the square of a prime. What is a+b+c+d+e?a + b + c + d + e?

2525

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答案:A
知识点:几何概率扇形等边三角形
难度评级:2600
解答:

A=(0,0)A = (0,0)B=(1,0)B = (1,0) 放在单位正方形中。APAP 是中间长度,当且仅当 BP<AP<ABBP \lt AP \lt ABAB<AP<BPAB \lt AP \lt BP。这两个条件给出的区域由以 AA 为圆心、半径为 11 的圆(其中 AP=ABAP = AB)和垂直平分线 x=12x = \tfrac12(其中 AP=BPAP = BP)围出。设 SS 是该圆与 x=12x = \tfrac12 的交点,则 ABS\triangle ABS 为等边三角形,所以相关扇形角为 BAS=60\angle BAS = 60^\circ。计算这些区域面积,较大区域为 4π3324\frac{4\pi - 3\sqrt3}{24},较小区域为 122π3324\frac{12 - 2\pi - 3\sqrt3}{24}。相加得概率 6+π3312\frac{6 + \pi - 3\sqrt3}{12}。因此 a+b+c+d+ea + b + c + d + e =6+1+3+3+12= 6 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 12 =25= 25,所以正确答案是 A

Place A=(0,0)A = (0,0) and B=(1,0)B = (1,0) on the unit square. APAP is the middle length when BP<AP<ABBP \lt AP \lt AB or AB<AP<BP.AB \lt AP \lt BP. These regions are bounded by the circle centered at AA with radius 11 (where AP=ABAP = AB) and the line x=12x = \tfrac12 (where AP=BPAP = BP). Let SS be where the circle meets x=12.x = \tfrac12. Then ABS\triangle ABS is equilateral, so BAS=60.\angle BAS = 60^\circ. The larger region has area 4π3324\frac{4\pi - 3\sqrt3}{24} and the smaller has area 122π3324.\frac{12 - 2\pi - 3\sqrt3}{24}. They add to 6+π3312.\frac{6 + \pi - 3\sqrt3}{12}. Thus a+b+c+d+ea + b + c + d + e =6+1+3+3+12= 6 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 12 =25.= 25. Thus, A is the correct answer.

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