2024 AMC 10B 第 4 题

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4.

编号为 1,2,3,1, 2, 3, \ldots 的球按照以下过程放入标为 A,B,C,D,A, B, C, D,E,E,55 个箱子。球 11 放入箱子 A,A,2233 放入箱子 B.B. 接下来的 33 个球放入箱子 C,C,再接下来的 44 个放入箱子 D,D,依此类推;球放入箱子 E.E. 后再循环回箱子 AA。(例如,在这个过程的第 77 步,编号为 22,23,,2822, 23, \ldots, 28 的球放入箱子 BB。)球 20242024 放入哪个箱子?

Balls numbered 1,2,3,1, 2, 3, \ldots are deposited in 55 bins, labeled A,B,C,D,A, B, C, D, and E,E, using the following procedure. Ball 11 is deposited in bin A,A, and balls 22 and 33 are deposited in bin B.B. The next 33 balls are deposited in bin C,C, the next 44 in bin D,D, and so on, cycling back to bin AA after balls are deposited in bin E.E. (For example, balls numbered 22,23,,2822, 23, \ldots, 28 are deposited in bin BB at step 77 of this process.) In which bin is ball 20242024 deposited?

AA

BB

CC

DD

EE

答案:D
知识点:三角形数模运算
难度评级:1130
解答:

gg 组含有 gg 个球,因此前 gg 组一共用掉 g(g+1)2\tfrac{g(g+1)}{2} 个球。现在 63642=2016\tfrac{63 \cdot 64}{2} = 2016,而 64652=2080\tfrac{64 \cdot 65}{2} = 2080,所以球 20242024 在第 6464 组中(球 2017201720802080)。盒子按 A,B,C,D,EA, B, C, D, E 循环,所以第 gg 组进入编号为 (g1)mod5(g - 1) \bmod 5 的盒子。对 g=64g = 64,有 63mod5=363 \bmod 5 = 3,即盒子 DD。因此正确答案是 D

Group gg holds gg balls, so the first gg groups swallow g(g+1)2\tfrac{g(g+1)}{2} of them. Now 63642=2016\tfrac{63 \cdot 64}{2} = 2016 and 64652=2080,\tfrac{64 \cdot 65}{2} = 2080, which puts ball 20242024 in group 6464 (balls 20172017 through 20802080). The bins cycle A,B,C,D,E,A, B, C, D, E, so group gg lands in bin number (g1)mod5.(g - 1) \bmod 5. For g=64g = 64 that's 63mod5=3,63 \bmod 5 = 3, bin D.D. Therefore, the answer is D.

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