2020 AMC 10A 第 18 题

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18.

(a,b,c,d)(a,b,c,d) 为一个有序四元组,其中每个数都是集合 {0,1,2,3}\{0,1,2,3\} 中的整数,且不要求互不相同。有多少个这样的四元组满足 adbca\cdot d-b\cdot c 为奇数?例如,(0,3,1,1)(0,3,1,1) 是一个这样的四元组,因为 0131=30\cdot 1-3\cdot 1 = -3 为奇数。

Let (a,b,c,d)(a,b,c,d) be an ordered quadruple of not necessarily distinct integers, each one of them in the set {0,1,2,3}.\{0,1,2,3\}. For how many such quadruples is it true that adbca\cdot d-b\cdot c is odd? (For example, (0,3,1,1)(0,3,1,1) is one such quadruple, because 0131=30\cdot 1-3\cdot 1 = -3 is odd.)

4848

6464

9696

128128

192192

答案:C
知识点:奇偶性行列式乘法原理
难度评级:1540
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文字解答:

只需考虑模 22 的奇偶性。条件是 adbcad-bc11,也就是说矩阵 (abcd)\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\ c&d\end{pmatrix}F2\mathbb F_2 上可逆。

可逆矩阵共有 (41)(42)=6(4-1)(4-2)=62×22\times2 矩阵,它们都定义在 F2\mathbb F_2 上。每一种奇偶模式可提升为 24=162^4=16 个取自 {0,1,2,3}\{0,1,2,3\} 的四元组。因此共有 616=966\cdot16=96 个四元组。正确答案是 C

Only parity matters. Modulo 22, the condition is that adbcad-bc is 11, meaning the matrix (abcd)\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\ c&d\end{pmatrix} is invertible over F2\mathbb F_2.

There are (41)(42)=6(4-1)(4-2)=6 invertible 2×22\times2 matrices over F2\mathbb F_2. Each parity pattern lifts to 24=162^4=16 choices from {0,1,2,3}\{0,1,2,3\}, so there are 616=966\cdot16=96 quadruples. Thus, C is the correct answer.

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