2015 AMC 10A 第 18 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

18.

以十六为底的数使用数字 0099,以及字母 AAFF 表示 10101515。前 10001000 个正整数中,有 nn 个数的这种表示只含数字字符。求 nn 的各位数字之和。

Hexadecimal (base-16) numbers are written using numeric digits 00 through 99 as well as the letters AA through FF to represent 1010 through 15.15. Among the first 10001000 positive integers, there are nn whose hexadecimal representation contains only numeric digits. What is the sum of the digits of n?n?

1717

1818

1919

2020

2121

答案:E
知识点:进制数字基本计数
难度评级:1660
解答:

在十六进制中,1000=3E816.1000=3E8_{16}. 把较短的表示在前面补零,补成三位数。从 00016000_{16}39916399_{16} 的每个纯数字字符串都不超过 3E816,3E8_{16},而且这些就是全部可能。

第一位有 44 种选择,另外两位各有 1010 种选择。因此共有 41010=4004\cdot10\cdot10=400 个字符串,其中包括 00016.000_{16}. 去掉零后得到 n=399.n=399.

399399 的数位和为 21.21.

所以正确答案是 E

In hexadecimal, 1000=3E816.1000=3E8_{16}. Pad each shorter representation to three digits with leading zeros. Every numeric-only string from 00016000_{16} through 39916399_{16} is at most 3E816,3E8_{16}, and these are all the possibilities.

The first digit has 44 choices, and each of the other two digits has 1010 choices. This gives 41010=4004\cdot10\cdot10=400 strings, including 00016.000_{16}. Excluding zero leaves n=399.n=399.

The sum of the digits in 399399 is 21.21.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

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