2013 AMC 10B 第 21 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

21.

两个非递减的非负整数数列首项不同。每个数列都满足从第三项开始,每一项等于前两项之和,并且两个数列的第七项都等于 NNNN 的最小可能值是多少?

Two non-decreasing sequences of nonnegative integers have different first terms. Each sequence has the property that each term beginning with the third is the sum of the previous two terms, and the seventh term of each sequence is N.N. What is the smallest possible value of NN ?

5555

8989

104104

144144

273273

答案:C
知识点:斐波那契数列丢番图方程最优化
难度评级:2010
解答:

若数列前两项为 u,vu,v,则第七项为 5u+8v5u+8v

设两个数列前两项分别为 (a1,a2)(a_1,a_2)(b1,b2)(b_1,b_2),且 a1<b1a_1\lt b_1。因为两者第七项相同,5a1+8a2=5b1+8b25a_1+8a_2=5b_1+8b_2,所以 5(b1a1)=8(a2b2)5(b_1-a_1)=8(a_2-b_2)

由于 5588 互质,b1a1b_1-a_1 至少为 88。非递减要求 b2b1a1+8b_2\ge b_1\ge a_1+8

a1=0a_1=0b1=b2=8b_1=b_2=8a2=13a_2=13 可达到最小值,得到 N=50+813=104N=5\cdot0+8\cdot13=104

所以正确答案是 C

A sequence starting with u,vu,v has seventh term 5u+8v5u+8v.

For two sequences (a1,a2)(a_1,a_2) and (b1,b2)(b_1,b_2) with different first terms, assume a1<b1a_1\lt b_1. Then 5a1+8a2=5b1+8b25a_1+8a_2=5b_1+8b_2, so 5(b1a1)=8(a2b2)5(b_1-a_1)=8(a_2-b_2).

Since 55 and 88 are relatively prime, b1a1b_1-a_1 is at least 88, and then nondecreasing order gives b2b1a1+8b_2\ge b_1\ge a_1+8.

The smallest construction is a1=0a_1=0, b1=b2=8b_1=b_2=8, and a2=13a_2=13. This gives N=50+813=104N=5\cdot0+8\cdot13=104.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

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