2009 AMC 10B 第 22 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

一个边长为 22 英寸的立方体蛋糕,其侧面和顶面都涂了糖霜。它按俯视图所示被竖直切成三块,其中 MM 是顶面一条边的中点。顶面为三角形 BB 的那块蛋糕含有 cc 立方英寸蛋糕和 ss 平方英寸糖霜。求 c+sc+s 的值。

A cubical cake with edge length 22 inches is iced on the sides and the top. It is cut vertically into three pieces as shown in this top view, where MM is the midpoint of a top edge. The piece whose top is triangle BB contains cc cubic inches of cake and ss square inches of icing. What is c+s?c+s?

245\dfrac{24}{5}

325\dfrac{32}{5}

8+58+\sqrt5

5+16555+\dfrac{16\sqrt5}{5}

10+5510+5\sqrt5

答案:B
知识点:立体几何相似体积表面积
难度评级:1750
解答:

把顶面看作 2×22\times2 正方形。从 MM 向远角的切线形成顶面三角形 AA,其直角边为 1122,面积为 11,斜边为 5\sqrt5

三角形 BBAA 相似,但斜边为 22,所以其面积为 (25)21=45\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt5}\right)^2\cdot1=\dfrac45。蛋糕高为 22,所以体积 c=452=85c=\dfrac45\cdot2=\dfrac85

这块蛋糕上的糖霜包括顶面 45\dfrac45 和它相邻的完整立方体侧面 2×2=42\times2=4,所以 s=45+4=245s=\dfrac45+4=\dfrac{24}{5}。因此 c+s=85+245=325c+s=\dfrac85+\dfrac{24}{5}=\dfrac{32}{5}

所以正确答案是 B

Set the top face as a 2×22\times2 square. The cut from MM toward the far corner creates the top triangle AA with legs 11 and 2,2, so area 11 and hypotenuse 5.\sqrt5.

Triangle BB is similar to AA but with hypotenuse 2,2, so its area is (25)21=45.\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt5}\right)^2\cdot1=\dfrac45. Since the cake has height 2,2, the volume is c=452=85.c=\dfrac45\cdot2=\dfrac85.

The icing on this piece is its top (45\dfrac45) plus the full cube side face it borders (2×2=42\times2=4), so s=45+4=245.s=\dfrac45+4=\dfrac{24}{5}. Therefore c+s=85+245=325.c+s=\dfrac85+\dfrac{24}{5}=\dfrac{32}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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