2009 AMC 10B 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
Jane 在五天工作周的每天早上,都会买一个 美分的松饼或一个 美分的贝果。她这一周的总花费是整数美元。她买了多少个贝果?
Each morning of her five-day workweek, Jane bought either a -cent muffin or a -cent bagel. Her total cost for the week was a whole number of dollars. How many bagels did she buy?
小提示:
如果买了 个贝果,总价为 美分。
With bagels the total is cents
大提示:
整数美元表示总价是 的倍数。
A whole number of dollars means that total is a multiple of
解答:
如果 Jane 买了 个贝果,则她买了 个松饼,总价为 美分。当 是 的倍数时,总价为整数美元,也就是 ,所以 。
在 中,唯一可能是 。
所以正确答案是 B。
If Jane buys bagels, she buys muffins, for a total of cents. This is a whole number of dollars when is a multiple of that is, when or
The only value with is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
2.
下列哪一项等于
Which of the following is equal to
小提示:
将分子和分母同乘 。
Multiply the numerator and denominator by
大提示:
,且 。
and
解答:
小分数的最小公分母是 ,所以分子和分母同乘 :
所以正确答案是 C。
The least common denominator of the small fractions is so multiply top and bottom by
Thus, the correct answer is C.
3.
油漆工 Paula 原本刚好有足够油漆粉刷 间同样大小的房间。不幸的是,在去上班的路上,有三桶油漆从她的卡车上掉了下来,所以她剩下的油漆只够粉刷 间房。她粉刷这 间房用了多少桶油漆?
Paula the painter had just enough paint for identically sized rooms. Unfortunately, on the way to work, three cans of paint fell off her truck, so she had only enough paint for rooms. How many cans of paint did she use for the rooms?
4.
一个长方形院子里有两块花坛,形状为全等的等腰直角三角形。院子的其余部分如图所示为梯形。梯形的平行边长为 米和 米。花坛占整个院子的几分之几?
A rectangular yard contains two flower beds in the shape of congruent isosceles right triangles. The remainder of the yard has a trapezoidal shape, as shown. The parallel sides of the trapezoid have lengths and meters. What fraction of the yard is occupied by the flower beds?
小提示:
每个三角形的直角边长是 的一半。
Each triangle’s legs are half of
大提示:
将两个三角形的总面积与 的整个长方形面积比较。
Compare the total triangle area to the full rectangle of dimensions
解答:
两条平行边相差 ,平均分到两个三角形上,所以每个等腰直角三角形的直角边为 ,面积为 。
两块花坛总面积为 平方米。长方形长 、宽 ,面积为 。所占比例为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The two parallel sides differ by split evenly between the two triangles, so each isosceles right triangle has legs of length and area
Together the beds cover square meters. The rectangle has length and width so area The fraction is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
5.
比 少百分之二十的数,比哪个数多三分之一?
Twenty percent less than is one-third more than what number?
6.
Kiana 有两个年纪比她大的双胞胎哥哥。他们三人的年龄乘积为 。三人的年龄和是多少?
Kiana has two older twin brothers. The product of their three ages is What is the sum of their three ages?
小提示:
每个年龄都整除 ,而双胞胎年龄相同。
Every age divides and the twins share one age
大提示:
如果双胞胎年龄为 ,Kiana 年龄为 ,则 ,且 。
If the twins are and Kiana is then with
解答:
因为 ,每个年龄都是 的幂。设双胞胎的共同年龄为 ,Kiana 的年龄为 ,则需要 ,且 。
写成 。于是 。为了使 为正整数年龄,需要 ,所以 。因为 Kiana 比双胞胎小,,所以 。因此 ,得到 、。年龄和为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Since every age is a power of Writing the twins’ common age as and Kiana’s as we need with
Write Then For to be a positive integer age we need so Because Kiana is younger than the twins, so Therefore giving and The sum is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
7.
通过插入括号,表达式 可以得到若干个值。能得到多少个不同的值?
By inserting parentheses, it is possible to give the expression several values. How many different values can be obtained?
小提示:
判断哪一个运算最后进行。
Decide which operation is performed last
大提示:
尝试诸如 和 的分组。
Try groupings such as and
解答:
四个数和三个运算共有五种完整的加括号方式。逐一计算可得
,而 。
。
,而 。
因此不同的结果是 和 ,共 个。
所以正确答案是 C。
There are five full parenthesizations of four numbers joined by three operations. Evaluating all five gives
and
and
Thus the distinct values are and for a total of
Thus, the correct answer is C.
8.
某一年,汽油价格在一月上涨 ,二月下降 ,三月上涨 ,四月下降 。四月底的汽油价格与一月初相同。四舍五入到最接近的整数, 是多少?
In a certain year the price of gasoline rose by during January, fell by during February, rose by during March, and fell by during April. The price of gasoline at the end of April was the same as it had been at the beginning of January. To the nearest integer, what is
小提示:
三月底价格是起始价格的 倍。
After March the price is times the starting price
大提示:
四月必须消去一个 的因子。
April must divide out a factor of
解答:
设起始价格为 。三月底的价格为 四月降价后要回到 ,所以要减少 ,占当时价格的百分比为
四舍五入后,。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let be the starting price. After March the price is The April drop must return it to so it removes a fraction
To the nearest integer,
Thus, the correct answer is B.
9.
如图,线段 和 交于 ,且 ,并且 。 的度数是多少?
Segment and intersect at as shown, and What is the degree measure of
小提示:
在 中,,所以 。
In so
大提示:
由对顶角, 等于 ,且 是等腰三角形。
equals by vertical angles, and is isosceles
解答:
因为 中 ,所以 。又 ,由内角和得 所以 ,且 。
由对顶角,。又 ,所以三角形 为等腰三角形,满足 从而 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Since is isosceles with we have With the angle sum gives so and
By vertical angles Since triangle is isosceles, so giving
Thus, the correct answer is A.
10.
一根旗杆原本高 米。飓风使旗杆在离地 米处折断,折断的上半部分仍连在残桩上,并触地于离底座 米处。求 的值。
A flagpole is originally meters tall. A hurricane snaps the flagpole at a point meters above the ground so that the upper part, still attached to the stump, touches the ground meter away from the base. What is
小提示:
折断部分长度为 ,并构成斜边。
The broken piece has length and forms the hypotenuse
大提示:
。
解答:
竖直残桩高为 ,长度为 的折断部分是直角三角形的斜边,两条直角边为 和 。由勾股定理,所以 ,从而 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The standing stump has height and the snapped piece of length is the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs and By the Pythagorean Theorem, so and
Thus, the correct answer is E.
11.
可以用以下数字组成多少个 位回文数(即从前往后读和从后往前读相同的数):、、、、、、?
How many -digit palindromes (numbers that read the same backward as forward) can be formed using the digits
小提示:
在 位回文数中,中间数字出现奇数次。
In a -digit palindrome the middle digit appears an odd number of times
大提示:
前三位决定后三位;数一数前三位的排列。
The first three digits determine the last three; count their orderings
解答:
位回文数的中间数字单独使用一次,其余外侧三对数字各出现两次。只有 出现奇数次,所以 必须在中间。
剩余数字 填入前三个位置,再镜像到后三个位置。共有 种排列。
所以正确答案是 A。
A -digit palindrome has the form with the middle digit used once and the outer three digits each used twice. Only appears an odd number of times, so must be the middle digit.
The remaining digits fill the first three positions in some order and mirror to the last three. There are such orderings.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
12.
不同点 ,, 和 在一条直线上,且 。点 和 在第二条直线上,该直线与第一条平行,且 。用这六个点中的三个点作为顶点,可以形成面积为正的三角形。这样的三角形面积有多少种可能值?
Distinct points and lie on a line, with Points and lie on a second line, parallel to the first, with A triangle with positive area has three of the six points as its vertices. How many possible values are there for the area of the triangle?
小提示:
高是两条平行线之间的固定距离。
The height is the fixed distance between the two parallel lines
大提示:
统计任一条直线上可作为底边的不同长度。
Count the distinct base lengths available on either line
解答:
面积为正的三角形必须在一条直线上取两个点作底边,并在另一条直线上取一个点作顶点。
高始终是两条平行线之间的固定距离,所以面积只取决于底边长度。第一条直线上的底边长度可以是 或 ,第二条直线上的底边长度是 。所以不同底边长度为 ,共有三种可能的面积。
所以正确答案是 A。
A positive-area triangle uses two points on one line as its base and one point on the other line as its apex. The height is always the fixed distance between the lines, so the area depends only on the base length.
Bases on the first line can be or a base on the second line is So the distinct base lengths are giving three possible areas.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
13.
如下图,凸五边形 的边长为 、、、、。五边形最初放在平面上,顶点 在原点,顶点 在 轴正半轴上。随后五边形沿 轴向右顺时针滚动。哪一条边会接触到 轴上 的点?
As shown below, convex pentagon has sides and The pentagon is originally positioned in the plane with vertex at the origin and vertex on the positive -axis. The pentagon is then rolled clockwise to the right along the -axis. Which side will touch the point on the -axis?
小提示:
周长为 ,且 。
The perimeter is and
大提示:
完整滚动 圈后,追踪顶点 落在哪里。
After full turns, track where vertices land
解答:
五边形周长为 。完整滚动一圈使接触点前进 ,且 。
圈后,顶点 位于 ,顶点 位于 。继续滚动, 在 处接触, 在 处接触。
因为 位于 与 之间,所以边 接触该点。
所以正确答案是 C。
The pentagon has perimeter One full roll advances the contact point by and
After rolls, vertex sits at and at Rolling further, touches at and at
Since lies between and side touches that point.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
14.
星期一,Millie 往喂鸟器中放入一夸脱种子,其中 是小米。之后每天她都会再加入一夸脱同样配比的种子,不取出剩下的种子。每天鸟只吃掉喂鸟器中小米的 ,但会吃掉所有其他种子。在哪一天,Millie 刚放入种子后,鸟会发现喂鸟器中超过一半的种子是小米?
On Monday, Millie puts a quart of seeds, of which are millet, into a bird feeder. On each successive day she adds another quart of the same mix of seeds without removing any seeds that are left. Each day the birds eat only of the millet in the feeder, but they eat all of the other seeds. On which day, just after Millie has placed the seeds, will the birds find that more than half the seeds in the feeder are millet?
星期二
Tuesday
星期三
Wednesday
星期四
Thursday
星期五
Friday
星期六
Saturday
小提示:
每天留下的小米乘以 ,再加入 夸脱。
Each day the standing millet is multiplied by then quart is added
大提示:
其他种子总是 夸脱;求小米何时首次超过它。
Other seeds always total quart; find when millet first exceeds that
解答:
每夸脱新种子加入 夸脱小米,鸟会留下已有小米的 。第 天加入后的小米量为
其他种子总量始终为 夸脱。小米超过种子总量的一半时,满足 ,即 。
由于 ,而 ,所以第一次发生在第 天,即星期五。
所以正确答案是 D。
Each quart adds quart of millet, and the birds leave of the standing millet. On day the millet present is
The other seeds always total quart. Millet exceeds half when i.e.
Since but this first happens on day which is Friday.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
15.
当一个桶装满三分之二的水时,桶和水共重 千克。当这个桶装满二分之一的水时,总重量为 千克。用 和 表示,桶装满水时总重多少千克?
When a bucket is two-thirds full of water, the bucket and water weigh kilograms. When the bucket is one-half full of water the total weight is kilograms. In terms of and what is the total weight in kilograms when the bucket is full of water?
小提示:
设空桶重量为 ,满桶水的重量为 。
Let be the empty bucket’s weight and a full load of water
大提示:
把 从 中减去,求出 。
Subtract from to find
解答:
设空桶重 ,满桶水重 。则 并且
两式相减得 ,所以 ,且 。装满水时的总重量为
所以正确答案是 E。
Let be the bucket’s weight and the weight of a full load of water. Then and
Subtracting gives so and The full bucket weighs
Thus, the correct answer is E.
16.
点 和 在以 为圆心的圆上, 和 都与该圆相切,并且 是等边三角形。圆与 交于 。求 的值。
Points and lie on a circle centered at each of and are tangent to the circle, and is equilateral. The circle intersects at What is
小提示:
等边三角形 给出 ,且 。
Equilateral gives and
大提示:
在 -- 三角形中,斜边 。
In a -- triangle the hypotenuse
解答:
设半径为 。由对称性, 平分 角 ,所以 。又 ,三角形 是 -- 三角形,斜边 。
于是 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let the radius be By symmetry bisects the angle so Since triangle is a -- triangle with hypotenuse
Then so
Thus, the correct answer is B.
17.
如图,五个单位正方形排列在坐标平面上,左下角在原点。斜线从 延伸到 ,并将整个区域分成面积相等的两部分。求 的值。
Five unit squares are arranged in the coordinate plane as shown, with the lower left corner at the origin. The slanted line, extending from to divides the entire region into two regions of equal area. What is
小提示:
整个区域面积为 ,所以每部分面积为 。
The whole region has area so each part must be
大提示:
右下方区域是一个底为 、高为 的三角形,再去掉一个单位正方形。
The lower-right part is a triangle of base and height with one unit square removed
解答:
五个单位正方形总面积为 ,所以每个区域面积必须为 。
直线右下方的区域是一个直角三角形,直角边为 和 ,再减去它不包含的一个单位正方形。令其面积等于 ,得到 所以 ,从而 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The five unit squares have total area so each region must have area
The region to the lower right of the line is a right triangle with legs and minus the one unit square it does not cover. Setting its area to gives so and
Thus, the correct answer is C.
18.
长方形 中,、。点 是对角线 的中点,点 在 上,且 。 的面积是多少?
Rectangle has and Point is the midpoint of diagonal and is on with What is the area of
19.
一个 小时制电子钟显示一天中的小时和分钟。不幸的是,每当它应该显示数字 时,它都会错误地显示 。例如,下午 时,时钟会错误显示为 。一天中有几分之几的时间,这个钟显示的是正确时间?
A particular -hour digital clock displays the hour and minute of a day. Unfortunately, whenever it is supposed to display a it mistakenly displays a For example, when it is PM the clock incorrectly shows PM. What fraction of the day will the clock show the correct time?
小提示:
小时只在 、、、 时出错。
The hour is wrong only for
大提示:
当分钟的任一位数字为 时,分钟显示出错;在 个分钟中数一数。
A minute is wrong when either of its digits is a count those out of
解答:
在 到 点中,恰好 、、、 含有数字 ,所以小时正确的时间比例为 。
分钟显示出错发生在十位为 ( 到 分)或个位为 ( 分)时。这样的分钟共有 个,而每小时共有 个分钟读数。所以分钟显示正确的比例为 。
因此整钟显示正确的比例为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Among the hours through exactly contain a so the hour is correct of the time.
A minute is displayed wrong when its tens digit is (minutes –) or its units digit is (), which is of the minutes. So the minute is correct of the time.
The clock is correct of the day.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
20.
三角形 在 处为直角,、。 的角平分线与 交于 。求 的值。
Triangle has a right angle at and The bisector of meets at What is
21.
当 除以 时,余数是多少?
What is the remainder when is divided by
小提示:
是 的倍数。
is a multiple of
大提示:
将 项分成每四项一组,并处理剩余项。
Group the terms into blocks of four and handle the leftover
解答:
任意连续四个 的幂之和都是 的倍数,而这个数能被 整除。
从 到 的项可以分成这样的四项组,对余数贡献为 。剩下的是 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Any four consecutive powers of sum to a multiple of which is divisible by
The terms from to split into such blocks and contribute remainder What remains is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
22.
一个边长为 英寸的立方体蛋糕,其侧面和顶面都涂了糖霜。它按俯视图所示被竖直切成三块,其中 是顶面一条边的中点。顶面为三角形 的那块蛋糕含有 立方英寸蛋糕和 平方英寸糖霜。求 的值。
A cubical cake with edge length inches is iced on the sides and the top. It is cut vertically into three pieces as shown in this top view, where is the midpoint of a top edge. The piece whose top is triangle contains cubic inches of cake and square inches of icing. What is
小提示:
三角形 与直角边为 和 的三角形相似。
Triangle is similar to the triangle whose legs are and
大提示:
上的糖霜覆盖它的顶面以及它贴着的整个立方体侧面。
The icing on covers its top face and the entire cube face it borders
解答:
把顶面看作 正方形。从 向远角的切线形成顶面三角形 ,其直角边为 和 ,面积为 ,斜边为 。
三角形 与 相似,但斜边为 ,所以其面积为 。蛋糕高为 ,所以体积 。
这块蛋糕上的糖霜包括顶面 和它相邻的完整立方体侧面 ,所以 。因此 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Set the top face as a square. The cut from toward the far corner creates the top triangle with legs and so area and hypotenuse
Triangle is similar to but with hypotenuse so its area is Since the cake has height the volume is
The icing on this piece is its top () plus the full cube side face it borders (), so Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is B.
23.
Rachel 和 Robert 在圆形跑道上跑步。Rachel 逆时针跑,每 秒跑完一圈;Robert 顺时针跑,每 秒跑完一圈。两人同时从起点线出发。在他们开始跑步后 分钟到 分钟之间的某个随机时刻,一名站在跑道内部的摄影师拍下一张照片,照片显示以起点线为中心的四分之一圈跑道。两人都出现在照片中的概率是多少?
Rachel and Robert run on a circular track. Rachel runs counterclockwise and completes a lap every seconds, and Robert runs clockwise and completes a lap every seconds. Both start from the start line at the same time. At some random time between minutes and minutes after they begin to run, a photographer standing inside the track takes a picture that shows one-fourth of the track, centered on the starting line. What is the probability that both Rachel and Robert are in the picture?
小提示:
照片覆盖起点线两侧各 圈。
The picture covers of a lap on each side of the start line
大提示:
在开始后的第 分钟内,分别求每位跑者位于该区域的时间窗口,再取重叠部分。
Find each runner’s window of time inside that region during the th minute, then overlap them
解答:
照片覆盖起点两侧各 圈。 秒后,Rachel 距离起点线还差 秒;她跑完 圈需 秒,所以她在 秒到 秒之间入镜,这些时刻都在第 分钟内。
秒后,Robert 距离起点线还差 秒;他跑完 圈需 秒,所以他在该分钟的 秒到 秒之间入镜。
两人同时入镜的时间为 秒到 秒,长度为 秒,占 秒的比例为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The picture spans lap on each side of the start. After seconds Rachel is seconds short of the line; running lap in seconds, she is in view between and seconds of the th minute.
After seconds Robert is seconds from the line; running lap in seconds, he is in view between and seconds.
Both appear between and seconds, a window of length out of so the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
24.
楔石拱是一种古老的建筑结构。它由全等的等腰梯形沿非平行边拼合而成,如图所示。两端梯形的底边是水平的。一个由 个梯形组成的拱中,设 为梯形较大内角的度数。求 的值。
The keystone arch is an ancient architectural feature. It is composed of congruent isosceles trapezoids fitted together along the non-parallel sides, as shown. The bottom sides of the two end trapezoids are horizontal. In an arch made with trapezoids, let be the angle measure in degrees of the larger interior angle of the trapezoid. What is
小提示:
将拱反射补全,形成由 个梯形组成的完整闭环。
Reflect the arch to close it into a full loop of trapezoids
大提示:
内侧顶点构成一个正 边形;使用它的内角。
The inner vertices form a regular -gon; use its interior angle
解答:
加上镜像后,拱补成由 个梯形组成的对称闭环。它们的内侧边形成正 边形,每个内角为
在每个内侧顶点,两个梯形的较大内角 与 之和为一周角,因此 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Adding a mirror image completes the arch into a symmetric closed loop of trapezoids. Their inner edges form a regular -gon, each interior angle of which is
At each inner vertex, two of the trapezoids’ larger angles meet the angle around a full turn: so
Thus, the correct answer is A.
25.
一个立方体的每个面上都画有一条细窄条纹,从一条边的中点连到其对边的中点。每个面选择哪一对对边是随机且相互独立的。出现一条连续条纹环绕立方体一圈的概率是多少?
Each face of a cube is given a single narrow stripe painted from the center of one edge to the center of its opposite edge. The choice of the edge pairing is made at random and independently for each face. What is the probability that there is a continuous stripe encircling the cube?
小提示:
每个面有 种等可能的条纹方向,所以共有 种配置。
Each face has equally likely stripe orientations, so total configurations
大提示:
可能的环绕带有 个方向;每个方向固定 个面的条纹方向。
There are possible encircling bands, each fixing the orientation of faces
解答:
每个面的条纹有 种方向,所以共有 种等可能配置。
一条环绕条纹会沿 对相对面中的某一个方向,并经过 个面;给定一个方向时,这四个面的条纹方向都被确定,所以概率为 。
三种方向互斥,所以总概率为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Each face’s stripe has orientations, giving equally likely configurations.
An encircling stripe runs around one of the pairs of opposite faces. For a given band, the faces it crosses must each be oriented to continue it, a probability of
The three bands are mutually exclusive, so the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is B.