2009 AMC 10A 第 25 题

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25.

k>0k \gt 0,令 Ik=10064I_k = 10\ldots064,其中 1166 之间有 kk 个零。设 N(k)N(k)IkI_k 的质因数分解中因数 22 的个数。N(k)N(k) 的最大值是多少?

For k>0,k \gt 0, let Ik=10064,I_k = 10\ldots064, where there are kk zeros between the 11 and the 6.6. Let N(k)N(k) be the number of factors of 22 in the prime factorization of Ik.I_k. What is the maximum value of N(k)?N(k)?

66

77

88

99

1010

答案:B
知识点:质因数分解立方和与立方差分类讨论
难度评级:2160
解答:

写成 Ik=10k+2+64=2k+25k+2+26. \begin{aligned} I_k &= 10^{k+2} + 64 \\ &= 2^{k+2} \cdot 5^{k+2} + 2^6. \end{aligned}

如果 k<4k \lt 4,第一项含有少于 66 个因数 22,所以 N(k)=k+2<6N(k) = k + 2 \lt 6

如果 k>4k \gt 4,第一项至少含有 77 个因数 22,而第二项恰好含有 66 个,所以它们的和恰好含有 66 个这样的因数,即 N(k)=6N(k) = 6

如果 k=4k = 4,则 I4=26(56+1)I_4 = 2^6(5^6 + 1)。因为 56+15^6 + 1 =(52+1)((52)252+1)= (5^2 + 1)\big((5^2)^2 - 5^2 + 1\big) =26601= 26 \cdot 601,它恰好多贡献一个因数 22,所以 N(4)=7N(4) = 7

最大值为 N(4)=7N(4) = 7

所以正确答案是 B

Write Ik=10k+2+64=2k+25k+2+26. \begin{aligned} I_k &= 10^{k+2} + 64 \\ &= 2^{k+2} \cdot 5^{k+2} + 2^6. \end{aligned}

If k<4,k \lt 4, the first term has fewer than 66 factors of 2,2, so N(k)=k+2<6.N(k) = k + 2 \lt 6.

If k>4,k \gt 4, the first term has at least 77 factors of 22 while the second has exactly 6,6, so their sum has exactly 6:6: N(k)=6.N(k) = 6.

If k=4,k = 4, then I4=26(56+1).I_4 = 2^6(5^6 + 1). Since 56+15^6 + 1 =(52+1)((52)252+1)= (5^2 + 1)\big((5^2)^2 - 5^2 + 1\big) =26601,= 26 \cdot 601, it contributes exactly one more factor of 2.2. Thus N(4)=7.N(4) = 7.

The maximum value is N(4)=7.N(4) = 7.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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