2006 AMC 10B 考试题目

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1.

What is $(-1)^1 + (-1)^2 + \cdots + (-1)^{2006}?$

$-2006$

$-1$

$0$

$1$

$2006$

Answer: C

Concepts:exponent pairing and grouping

Difficulty rating: 720

Solution:

There are $2006$ terms. Pairing consecutive terms gives $(-1+1)+(-1+1)+\cdots.$ Since $2006$ is even, every term pairs off and the sum is $0.$

Thus, the correct answer is C.

2.

For real numbers $x$ and $y,$ define $x \spadesuit y = (x+y)(x-y).$ What is $3 \spadesuit (4 \spadesuit 5)?$

$-72$

$-27$

$-24$

$24$

$72$

Answer: A

Concepts:custom operation difference of squares

Difficulty rating: 870

Solution:

Since $x \spadesuit y = (x+y)(x-y) = x^2 - y^2,$ we have $4 \spadesuit 5 = 16 - 25 = -9.$

Then $3 \spadesuit (-9) = 9 - 81 = -72.$

Thus, the correct answer is A.

3.

A football game was played between two teams, the Cougars and the Panthers. The two teams scored a total of $34$ points, and the Cougars won by a margin of $14$ points. How many points did the Panthers score?

$10$

$14$

$17$

$20$

$24$

Answer: A

Concepts:system of equations linear equation

Difficulty rating: 830

Solution:

Let $c$ and $p$ be the Cougars' and Panthers' scores. Then $c+p=34$ and $c-p=14.$ Subtracting gives $2p=20,$ so $p=10.$

Thus, the correct answer is A.

4.

Circles of diameter $1$ inch and $3$ inches have the same center. The smaller circle is painted red, and the portion outside the smaller circle and inside the larger circle is painted blue. What is the ratio of the blue-painted area to the red-painted area?

$2$

$3$

$6$

$8$

$9$

Answer: D

Concepts:circle area area ratio

Difficulty rating: 940

Solution:

The red circle has area $\pi(\tfrac12)^2 = \tfrac{\pi}{4},$ and the large circle has area $\pi(\tfrac32)^2 = \tfrac{9\pi}{4}.$ The blue ring is $\tfrac{9\pi}{4}-\tfrac{\pi}{4}=2\pi.$

The ratio is $2\pi \div \tfrac{\pi}{4} = 8.$

Thus, the correct answer is D.

5.

A $2 \times 3$ rectangle and a $3 \times 4$ rectangle are contained within a square without overlapping at any interior point, and the sides of the square are parallel to the sides of the two given rectangles. What is the smallest possible area of the square?

$16$

$25$

$36$

$49$

$64$

Answer: B

Concepts:square (geometry)rectangle optimization

Difficulty rating: 1060

Solution:

Place the rectangles side by side with their $3$ -length sides vertical. Their widths add to $2+3=5,$ and the heights $3$ and $4$ both fit within $5.$

The side cannot be smaller than $5,$ since the two smaller dimensions $2$ and $3$ must be accommodated. The smallest area is $5^2=25.$

Thus, the correct answer is B.

6.

A region is bounded by semicircular arcs constructed on the sides of a square whose sides measure $\tfrac{2}{\pi},$ as shown. What is the perimeter of this region?

$\dfrac{4}{\pi}$

$2$

$\dfrac{8}{\pi}$

$4$

$\dfrac{16}{\pi}$

Answer: D

Concepts:arc perimeter circumference

Difficulty rating: 1060

Solution:

Each side has length $\tfrac{2}{\pi},$ the diameter of a semicircular arc, so each arc has length $\tfrac12\pi\cdot\tfrac{2}{\pi}=1.$

The boundary consists of four such arcs, so the perimeter is $4\cdot1=4.$

Thus, the correct answer is D.

7.

Which of the following is equivalent to

$\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{1-\dfrac{x-1}{x}}}$

when $x \lt 0?$

$-x$

$x$

$1$

$\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{2}}$

$x\sqrt{-1}$

Answer: A

Concepts:radical absolute value algebraic manipulation

Difficulty rating: 1240

Solution:

The denominator simplifies: $1-\dfrac{x-1}{x}=\dfrac{x-(x-1)}{x}=\dfrac{1}{x}.$

So the expression is $\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{1/x}}=\sqrt{x^2}=|x|.$ Since $x \lt 0,$ this equals $-x.$

Thus, the correct answer is A.

8.

A square of area $40$ is inscribed in a semicircle as shown. What is the area of the semicircle?

$20\pi$

$25\pi$

$30\pi$

$40\pi$

$50\pi$

Answer: B

Concepts:circle area Pythagorean Theorem square (geometry)

Difficulty rating: 1260

Solution:

Let the square have side $s,$ so $s^2=40.$ Its base lies centered on the diameter, and a top corner at $\left(\tfrac{s}{2},s\right)$ lies on the circle.

Then $r^2=\left(\tfrac{s}{2}\right)^2+s^2=\tfrac{40}{4}+40=50.$ The semicircle area is $\tfrac12\pi r^2=\tfrac12\pi(50)=25\pi.$

Thus, the correct answer is B.

9.

Francesca uses $100$ grams of lemon juice, $100$ grams of sugar, and $400$ grams of water to make lemonade. There are $25$ calories in $100$ grams of lemon juice and $386$ calories in $100$ grams of sugar. Water contains no calories. How many calories are in $200$ grams of her lemonade?

$129$

$137$

$174$

$223$

$411$

Answer: B

Concepts:ratio and proportion rate

Difficulty rating: 1000

Solution:

The lemonade totals $100+100+400=600$ grams containing $25+386=411$ calories.

In $200$ grams there are $411\cdot\tfrac{200}{600}=\tfrac{411}{3}=137$ calories.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

In a triangle with integer side lengths, one side is three times as long as a second side, and the length of the third side is $15.$ What is the greatest possible perimeter of the triangle?

$43$

$44$

$45$

$46$

$47$

Answer: A

Concepts:triangle inequality perimeter optimization

Difficulty rating: 1190

Solution:

Let the sides be $x,$ $3x,$ and $15.$ The triangle inequality $x+15 \gt 3x$ gives $x \lt 7.5.$

The largest integer is $x=7,$ giving sides $7,$ $21,$ $15$ and perimeter $7+21+15=43.$

Thus, the correct answer is A.

11.

What is the tens digit in the sum $7! + 8! + 9! + \cdots + 2006!\,?$

$1$

$3$

$4$

$6$

$9$

Answer: C

Concepts:factorial modular arithmetic digits

Difficulty rating: 1280

Solution:

For $n\ge 10,$ $n!$ is divisible by $100,$ so it does not affect the last two digits.

The tens digit comes from $7!+8!+9!=5040+40320+362880=408240,$ whose tens digit is $4.$

Thus, the correct answer is C.

12.

The lines $x=\tfrac14 y+a$ and $y=\tfrac14 x+b$ intersect at the point $(1,2).$ What is $a+b?$

$0$

$\dfrac{3}{4}$

$1$

$2$

$\dfrac{9}{4}$

Answer: E

Concepts:substitution system of equations

Difficulty rating: 1140

Solution:

Substituting $(1,2)$ : from $1=\tfrac14(2)+a$ we get $a=\tfrac12,$ and from $2=\tfrac14(1)+b$ we get $b=\tfrac74.$

Then $a+b=\tfrac12+\tfrac74=\tfrac94.$

Thus, the correct answer is E.

13.

Joe and JoAnn each bought $12$ ounces of coffee in a $16$ -ounce cup. Joe drank $2$ ounces of his coffee and then added $2$ ounces of cream. JoAnn added $2$ ounces of cream, stirred the coffee well, and then drank $2$ ounces. What is the resulting ratio of the amount of cream in Joe's coffee to that in JoAnn's coffee?

$\dfrac{6}{7}$

$\dfrac{13}{14}$

$1$

$\dfrac{14}{13}$

$\dfrac{7}{6}$

Answer: E

Concepts:mixture ratio and proportion

Difficulty rating: 1340

Solution:

Joe adds $2$ ounces of cream and drinks nothing afterward, so he has $2$ ounces of cream.

JoAnn has $12$ ounces of coffee plus $2$ ounces of cream, making $14$ ounces of uniform mixture. After drinking $2$ ounces she keeps $\tfrac{12}{14}=\tfrac67$ of her cream, which is $\tfrac67\cdot2=\tfrac{12}{7}$ ounces.

The ratio is $2\div\tfrac{12}{7}=\tfrac{7}{6}.$

Thus, the correct answer is E.

14.

Let $a$ and $b$ be the roots of the equation $x^2-mx+2=0.$ Suppose that $a+\tfrac1b$ and $b+\tfrac1a$ are the roots of the equation $x^2-px+q=0.$ What is $q?$

$\dfrac{5}{2}$

$\dfrac{7}{2}$

$4$

$\dfrac{9}{2}$

$8$

Answer: D

Concepts:Vieta’s Formulas symmetry (algebra)

Difficulty rating: 1480

Solution:

Since $a$ and $b$ are roots of $x^2-mx+2,$ we have $ab=2.$

The value $q$ is the product of the new roots: $q=\left(a+\tfrac1b\right)\left(b+\tfrac1a\right)=ab+1+1+\tfrac{1}{ab}=2+2+\tfrac12=\tfrac92.$

Thus, the correct answer is D.

15.

Rhombus $ABCD$ is similar to rhombus $BFDE.$ The area of rhombus $ABCD$ is $24,$ and $\angle BAD=60^\circ.$ What is the area of rhombus $BFDE?$

$6$

$4\sqrt{3}$

$8$

$9$

$6\sqrt{3}$

Answer: C

Concepts:rhombus equilateral triangle congruence (geometry)

Difficulty rating: 1460

Solution:

Because $AB=AD$ and $\angle BAD=60^\circ,$ triangle $ABD$ is equilateral, and so is triangle $CBD.$

Points $E$ and $F$ split the rhombus into six congruent triangles, each of area $\tfrac{24}{6}=4.$

Rhombus $BFDE$ is the union of triangles $BED$ and $BFD,$ so its area is $2\cdot4=8.$

Thus, the correct answer is C.

16.

Leap Day, February 29, 2004, occurred on a Sunday. On what day of the week will Leap Day, February 29, 2020, occur?

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Answer: E

Concepts:date and time modular arithmetic

Difficulty rating: 1340

Solution:

From one Leap Day to the next is $3\cdot365+366=1461$ days, and $1461\equiv 5\pmod 7.$

Over the four cycles from 2004 to 2020, the weekday advances $4\cdot5=20\equiv 6\pmod 7,$ that is, $6$ days forward, which is one day back from Sunday.

So Leap Day 2020 falls on a Saturday.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

17.

Bob and Alice each have a bag that contains one ball of each of the colors blue, green, orange, red, and violet. Alice randomly selects one ball from her bag and puts it into Bob's bag. Bob then randomly selects one ball from his bag and puts it into Alice's bag. What is the probability that after this process the contents of the two bags are the same?

$\dfrac{1}{10}$

$\dfrac{1}{6}$

$\dfrac{1}{5}$

$\dfrac{1}{3}$

$\dfrac{1}{2}$

Answer: D

Concepts:basic probability symmetry

Difficulty rating: 1460

Solution:

Alice moves one ball to Bob, so Bob's bag holds $6$ balls with exactly one color appearing twice.

The two bags end up identical exactly when Bob returns one of that duplicated pair. Two of the six balls qualify, so the probability is $\tfrac26=\tfrac13.$

Thus, the correct answer is D.

18.

Let $a_1,a_2,\ldots$ be a sequence for which $a_1=2,$ $a_2=3,$ and $a_n=\dfrac{a_{n-1}}{a_{n-2}}$ for each positive integer $n\ge 3.$ What is $a_{2006}?$

$\dfrac{1}{2}$

$\dfrac{2}{3}$

$\dfrac{3}{2}$

$2$

$3$

Answer: E

Concepts:recursion pattern recognition

Difficulty rating: 1280

Solution:

The terms are $2,\,3,\,\tfrac32,\,\tfrac12,\,\tfrac13,\,\tfrac23,$ then $2,\,3,\ldots,$ a cycle of length $6.$

Since $2006=6\cdot334+2,$ we have $a_{2006}=a_2=3.$

Thus, the correct answer is E.

19.

A circle of radius $2$ is centered at $O.$ Square $OABC$ has side length $1.$ Sides $\overline{AB}$ and $\overline{CB}$ are extended past $B$ to meet the circle at $D$ and $E,$ respectively. What is the area of the shaded region in the figure, which is bounded by $\overline{BD},$ $\overline{BE},$ and the minor arc connecting $D$ and $E?$

$\dfrac{\pi}{3}+1-\sqrt{3}$

$\dfrac{\pi}{2}(2-\sqrt{3})$

$\pi(2-\sqrt{3})$

$\dfrac{\pi}{6}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}$

$\dfrac{\pi}{3}-1+\sqrt{3}$

Answer: A

Concepts:sector triangle area angle chasing

Difficulty rating: 1820

Solution:

Since $OA=1$ and $OD=2$ with $D$ on the line $x=1,$ we get $\angle AOD=60^\circ,$ and likewise $\angle COE=60^\circ,$ so $\angle DOE=30^\circ.$

The sector $DOE$ has area $\tfrac{30}{360}\pi(2^2)=\tfrac{\pi}{3}.$

The region is this sector minus triangles $OBD$ and $OBE.$ With $BD=BE=\sqrt3-1,$ each triangle has area $\tfrac12(\sqrt3-1)(1),$ totaling $\sqrt3-1.$

So the shaded area is $\tfrac{\pi}{3}-(\sqrt3-1)=\tfrac{\pi}{3}+1-\sqrt3.$

Thus, the correct answer is A.

20.

In rectangle $ABCD,$ we have $A=(6,-22),$ $B=(2006,178),$ and $D=(8,y)$ for some integer $y.$ What is the area of rectangle $ABCD?$

$4000$

$4040$

$4400$

$40{,}000$

$40{,}400$

Answer: E

Concepts:coordinate geometry slope distance formula

Difficulty rating: 1580

Solution:

The slope of $\overline{AB}$ is $\tfrac{178-(-22)}{2006-6}=\tfrac{200}{2000}=\tfrac1{10}.$ Since $\overline{AD}\perp\overline{AB},$ its slope is $-10,$ so $\tfrac{y+22}{8-6}=-10$ gives $y=-42.$

Then $AB=\sqrt{2000^2+200^2}=200\sqrt{101}$ and $AD=\sqrt{2^2+20^2}=2\sqrt{101}.$

The area is $200\sqrt{101}\cdot2\sqrt{101}=400\cdot101=40{,}400.$

Thus, the correct answer is E.

21.

For a particular peculiar pair of dice, the probabilities of rolling $1,2,3,4,5,$ and $6$ on each die are in the ratio $1:2:3:4:5:6.$ What is the probability of rolling a total of $7$ on the two dice?

$\dfrac{4}{63}$

$\dfrac{1}{8}$

$\dfrac{8}{63}$

$\dfrac{1}{6}$

$\dfrac{2}{7}$

Answer: C

Concepts:dice (probability)basic probability

Difficulty rating: 1630

Solution:

Each die shows $k$ with probability $\tfrac{k}{1+2+\cdots+6}=\tfrac{k}{21}.$

For a total of $7,$ the ordered pairs $(1,6),(2,5),\ldots,(6,1)$ contribute $\dfrac{1\cdot6+2\cdot5+3\cdot4+4\cdot3+5\cdot2+6\cdot1}{21^2}=\dfrac{56}{441}=\dfrac{8}{63}.$

Thus, the correct answer is C.

22.

Elmo makes $N$ sandwiches for a fundraiser. For each sandwich he uses $B$ globs of peanut butter at $4$ ¢ per glob and $J$ blobs of jam at $5$ ¢ per blob. The cost of the peanut butter and jam to make all the sandwiches is $\$2.53.$ Assume that $B,$ $J,$ and $N$ are positive integers with $N \gt 1.$ What is the cost of the jam Elmo uses to make the sandwiches?

$\$1.05$

$\$1.25$

$\$1.45$

$\$1.65$

$\$1.85$

Answer: D

Concepts:Diophantine Equation prime factorization casework

Difficulty rating: 1860

Solution:

The total cost is $N(4B+5J)=253$ cents $=11\cdot23.$ Since $N \gt 1,$ $N\in\{11,23,253\}.$

If $N=253$ or $N=23,$ then $4B+5J$ equals $1$ or $11,$ impossible for positive integers.

So $N=11$ and $4B+5J=23,$ whose only positive solution is $B=2,$ $J=3.$ The jam costs $11\cdot3\cdot5=165$ cents $=\$1.65.$

Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

A triangle is partitioned into three triangles and a quadrilateral by drawing two lines from vertices to their opposite sides. The areas of the three triangles are $3,$ $7,$ and $7,$ as shown. What is the area of the shaded quadrilateral?

$15$

$17$

$\dfrac{35}{2}$

$18$

$\dfrac{55}{3}$

Answer: D

Concepts:area ratio system of equations

Difficulty rating: 1950

Solution:

Split the quadrilateral into two triangles of areas $R$ and $S,$ so the shaded area is $T=R+S.$

Comparing triangles that share an altitude, base ratios give $\tfrac{R}{3}=\tfrac{T+7}{10}$ and $\tfrac{S}{7}=\tfrac{T+3}{14}.$

Then $T=R+S=3\cdot\tfrac{T+7}{10}+7\cdot\tfrac{T+3}{14},$ so $10T=3(T+7)+5(T+3)=8T+36,$ giving $T=18.$

Thus, the correct answer is D.

24.

Circles with centers at $O$ and $P$ have radii $2$ and $4,$ respectively, and are externally tangent. Points $A$ and $B$ on the circle with center $O$ and points $C$ and $D$ on the circle with center $P$ are such that $\overline{AD}$ and $\overline{BC}$ are common external tangents to the circles. What is the area of the concave hexagon $AOBCPD?$

$18\sqrt{3}$

$24\sqrt{2}$

$36$

$24\sqrt{3}$

$32\sqrt{2}$

Answer: B

Concepts:tangent circles trapezoid right triangle

Difficulty rating: 2010

Solution:

The hexagon is symmetric about $\overline{OP},$ so its area is twice that of trapezoid $AOPD.$

Draw $OF\parallel AD$ with $F$ on $\overline{PD}.$ Then $AOFD$ is a rectangle, so $DF=OA=2$ and $FP=PD-DF=4-2=2.$

Since the circles are externally tangent, $OP=2+4=6,$ so in right triangle $OFP,$ $OF=\sqrt{36-4}=4\sqrt2.$

Trapezoid $AOPD$ has parallel sides $OA=2$ and $PD=4$ with height $OF=4\sqrt2,$ giving area $\tfrac12(2+4)(4\sqrt2)=12\sqrt2.$ The hexagon area is $2\cdot12\sqrt2=24\sqrt2.$

Thus, the correct answer is B.

25.

Mr. Jones has eight children of different ages. On a family trip his oldest child, who is $9,$ spots a license plate with a $4$ -digit number in which each of two digits appears two times. "Look, daddy!" she exclaims. "That number is evenly divisible by the age of each of us kids!" "That's right," replies Mr. Jones, "and the last two digits just happen to be my age." Which of the following is not the age of one of Mr. Jones's children?

$4$

$5$

$6$

$7$

$8$

Answer: B

Concepts:divisibility casework

Difficulty rating: 2120

Solution:

Since a child is $9,$ the number is divisible by $9,$ so its digit sum $2(a+b)$ is a multiple of $9,$ which forces $a+b=9.$

There is also a $4$ - or $8$ -year-old, so the number is divisible by $4.$ Among numbers with two repeated digits summing to $9$ and divisible by $4,$ the number $5544$ is divisible by $1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8,$ and $9,$ but not by $5.$

So the eight ages can be $\{1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9\},$ and $5$ need not be among them. The age that is not necessarily a child's age is $5.$

Thus, the correct answer is B.