2006 AMC 10B 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

(1)1+(1)2++(1)2006(-1)^1 + (-1)^2 + \cdots + (-1)^{2006} 的值。

What is (1)1+(1)2++(1)2006?(-1)^1 + (-1)^2 + \cdots + (-1)^{2006}?

2006-2006

1-1

00

11

20062006

知识点:指数配对与分组
难度评级:720
小提示:

将相邻两项分组。

Group the terms in consecutive pairs

大提示:

每组中的奇次幂项和偶次幂项符号相反。

In each pair, compare the signs of the odd-power and even-power terms

解答:

共有 20062006 项。把相邻项配对,得到 (1+1)+(1+1)+(-1+1)+(-1+1)+\cdots。由于 20062006 是偶数,每一项都能配对,因此总和为 00

所以正确答案是 C

There are 20062006 terms. Pairing consecutive terms gives (1+1)+(1+1)+.(-1+1)+(-1+1)+\cdots. Since 20062006 is even, every term pairs off and the sum is 0.0.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

2.

对实数 xxyy,定义 xy=(x+y)(xy)x \spadesuit y = (x+y)(x-y)。求 3(45)3 \spadesuit (4 \spadesuit 5) 的值。

For real numbers xx and y,y, define xy=(x+y)(xy).x \spadesuit y = (x+y)(x-y). What is 3(45)?3 \spadesuit (4 \spadesuit 5)?

72-72

27-27

24-24

2424

7272

难度评级:870
小提示:

先计算内层运算 454 \spadesuit 5

Evaluate the inner operation 454 \spadesuit 5 first

大提示:

xy=x2y2x \spadesuit y = x^2 - y^2

xy=x2y2x \spadesuit y = x^2 - y^2

解答:

因为 xy=(x+y)(xy)=x2y2x \spadesuit y = (x+y)(x-y) = x^2 - y^2,所以 45=1625=94 \spadesuit 5 = 16 - 25 = -9

接着 3(9)=981=723 \spadesuit (-9) = 9 - 81 = -72

所以正确答案是 A

Since xy=(x+y)(xy)=x2y2,x \spadesuit y = (x+y)(x-y) = x^2 - y^2, we have 45=1625=9.4 \spadesuit 5 = 16 - 25 = -9.

Then 3(9)=981=72.3 \spadesuit (-9) = 9 - 81 = -72.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

3.

Cougars 和 Panthers 两队进行了一场橄榄球比赛。两队总共得 3434 分,Cougars 以 1414 分优势获胜。Panthers 得了多少分?

A football game was played between two teams, the Cougars and the Panthers. The two teams scored a total of 3434 points, and the Cougars won by a margin of 1414 points. How many points did the Panthers score?

1010

1414

1717

2020

2424

难度评级:830
小提示:

设两队得分为 ccpp,且 c+p=34c+p=34

Let the two scores be cc and pp with c+p=34c+p=34

大提示:

获胜分差给出 cp=14c-p=14

The winning margin gives cp=14c-p=14

解答:

ccpp 分别为 Cougars 和 Panthers 的得分。则 c+p=34c+p=34,且 cp=14c-p=14。两式相减得 2p=202p=20,所以 p=10p=10

所以正确答案是 A

Let cc and pp be the Cougars’ and Panthers’ scores. Then c+p=34c+p=34 and cp=14.c-p=14. Subtracting gives 2p=20,2p=20, so p=10.p=10.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

4.

直径为 11 英寸和 33 英寸的两个圆同心。较小圆涂成红色,较小圆外且较大圆内的部分涂成蓝色。蓝色面积与红色面积之比是多少?

Circles of diameter 11 inch and 33 inches have the same center. The smaller circle is painted red, and the portion outside the smaller circle and inside the larger circle is painted blue. What is the ratio of the blue-painted area to the red-painted area?

22

33

66

88

99

知识点:圆面积面积比
难度评级:940
小提示:

两个半径分别为 12\tfrac1232\tfrac32

The radii are 12\tfrac12 and 32\tfrac32

大提示:

蓝色是圆环 π(32)2π(12)2\pi(\tfrac32)^2-\pi(\tfrac12)^2;红色是 π(12)2\pi(\tfrac12)^2

Blue is the ring π(32)2π(12)2\pi(\tfrac32)^2-\pi(\tfrac12)^2; red is π(12)2\pi(\tfrac12)^2

解答:

红色圆面积为 π(12)2=π4\pi(\tfrac12)^2 = \tfrac{\pi}{4},大圆面积为 π(32)2=9π4\pi(\tfrac32)^2 = \tfrac{9\pi}{4}。蓝色圆环面积为 9π4π4=2π\tfrac{9\pi}{4}-\tfrac{\pi}{4}=2\pi

因此蓝色面积是红色面积的 2π÷π4=82\pi \div \tfrac{\pi}{4} = 8 倍。

所以正确答案是 D

The red circle has area π(12)2=π4,\pi(\tfrac12)^2 = \tfrac{\pi}{4}, and the large circle has area π(32)2=9π4.\pi(\tfrac32)^2 = \tfrac{9\pi}{4}. The blue ring is 9π4π4=2π.\tfrac{9\pi}{4}-\tfrac{\pi}{4}=2\pi.

The ratio is 2π÷π4=8.2\pi \div \tfrac{\pi}{4} = 8.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

5.

一个 2×32 \times 3 矩形和一个 3×43 \times 4 矩形放在一个正方形内,内部不重叠,且正方形的边与两个矩形的边平行。这个正方形最小可能面积是多少?

A 2×32 \times 3 rectangle and a 3×43 \times 4 rectangle are contained within a square without overlapping at any interior point, and the sides of the square are parallel to the sides of the two given rectangles. What is the smallest possible area of the square?

1616

2525

3636

4949

6464

难度评级:1060
小提示:

试着把两个矩形并排放,使它们长度为 33 的边对齐。

Try stacking the rectangles so their sides of length 33 line up

大提示:

正方形边长至少要容纳两个较小尺寸之和 2+32+3

The square’s side must be at least the sum of the smaller dimensions, 2+32+3

解答:

将两个矩形并排放置,使长度为 33 的边竖直。它们宽度相加为 2+3=52+3=5,高度 3344 都能放进边长 55 的正方形。

因为两个矩形都与正方形的边平行且内部不重叠,所以它们的水平投影或竖直投影必定互不重叠。在任一方向上,第一个矩形至少占据 22 的长度,第二个矩形至少占据 33 的长度,因此正方形边长至少为 2+3=52+3=5。所以最小面积为 52=255^2=25

所以正确答案是 B

Place the rectangles side by side with their 33-length sides vertical. Their widths add to 2+3=5,2+3=5, and the heights 33 and 44 both fit within 5.5.

Because the rectangles are axis-aligned and their interiors do not overlap, their horizontal projections or their vertical projections must be disjoint. In either direction, the first rectangle spans at least 22 and the second spans at least 3,3, so the square’s side is at least 2+3=5.2+3=5. The smallest area is therefore 52=25.5^2=25.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

6.

如图,一个区域由以边长为 2π\tfrac{2}{\pi} 的正方形各边为直径构造的半圆弧围成。这个区域的周长是多少?

A region is bounded by semicircular arcs constructed on the sides of a square whose sides measure 2π,\tfrac{2}{\pi}, as shown. What is the perimeter of this region?

4π\dfrac{4}{\pi}

22

8π\dfrac{8}{\pi}

44

16π\dfrac{16}{\pi}

知识点:周长圆周长
难度评级:1060
小提示:

正方形的每条边都是一个半圆弧的直径。

Each side of the square is the diameter of one semicircular arc

大提示:

直径为 dd 的半圆弧长为 12πd\tfrac12\pi d

A semicircle on diameter dd has arc length 12πd\tfrac12\pi d

解答:

每条边长为 2π\tfrac{2}{\pi},也是一个半圆弧的直径,所以每条弧长为 12π2π=1\tfrac12\pi\cdot\tfrac{2}{\pi}=1

边界由四条这样的弧组成,所以周长为 41=44\cdot1=4

所以正确答案是 D

Each side has length 2π,\tfrac{2}{\pi}, the diameter of a semicircular arc, so each arc has length 12π2π=1.\tfrac12\pi\cdot\tfrac{2}{\pi}=1.

The boundary consists of four such arcs, so the perimeter is 41=4.4\cdot1=4.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

7.

下列哪一项等价于

x1x1x\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{1-\dfrac{x-1}{x}}}

其中 x<0x \lt 0

Which of the following is equivalent to

x1x1x\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{1-\dfrac{x-1}{x}}}

when x<0?x \lt 0?

x-x

xx

11

x2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{2}}

x1x\sqrt{-1}

难度评级:1240
小提示:

将分母 1x1x1-\dfrac{x-1}{x} 合并成一个分式。

Combine the denominator 1x1x1-\dfrac{x-1}{x} into a single fraction

大提示:

x2=x\sqrt{x^2}=|x|,且当 x<0x \lt 0 时,x=x|x|=-x

x2=x,\sqrt{x^2}=|x|, and x=x|x|=-x when x<0x \lt 0

解答:

分母可化简为 1x1x=x(x1)x=1x1-\dfrac{x-1}{x}=\dfrac{x-(x-1)}{x}=\dfrac{1}{x}

所以原式为 x1x=x2=x\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{\frac{1}{x}}}=\sqrt{x^2}=|x|。由于 x<0x \lt 0,它等于 x-x

所以正确答案是 A

The denominator simplifies: 1x1x=x(x1)x=1x.1-\dfrac{x-1}{x}=\dfrac{x-(x-1)}{x}=\dfrac{1}{x}.

So the expression is x1x=x2=x.\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{\frac{1}{x}}}=\sqrt{x^2}=|x|. Since x<0,x \lt 0, this equals x.-x.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

8.

如图,一个面积为 4040 的正方形内接于一个半圆。这个半圆的面积是多少?

A square of area 4040 is inscribed in a semicircle as shown. What is the area of the semicircle?

20π20\pi

25π25\pi

30π30\pi

40π40\pi

50π50\pi

难度评级:1260
小提示:

设正方形边长为 ss,满足 s2=40s^2=40,且底边位于直径中央。

Let the square have side ss with s2=40,s^2=40, base centered on the diameter

大提示:

半径满足 r2=(s2)2+s2r^2=\left(\tfrac{s}{2}\right)^2+s^2

The radius satisfies r2=(s2)2+s2r^2=\left(\tfrac{s}{2}\right)^2+s^2

解答:

设正方形边长为 ss,则 s2=40s^2=40。它的底边在直径上居中,而上方的一个顶点 (s2,s)\left(\tfrac{s}{2},s\right) 位于圆上。

因此 r2=(s2)2+s2=404+40=50r^2=\left(\tfrac{s}{2}\right)^2+s^2=\tfrac{40}{4}+40=50,半圆面积为 12πr2=12π(50)=25π\tfrac12\pi r^2=\tfrac12\pi(50)=25\pi

所以正确答案是 B

Let the square have side s,s, so s2=40.s^2=40. Its base lies centered on the diameter, and a top corner at (s2,s)\left(\tfrac{s}{2},s\right) lies on the circle.

Then r2=(s2)2+s2=404+40=50.r^2=\left(\tfrac{s}{2}\right)^2+s^2=\tfrac{40}{4}+40=50. The semicircle area is 12πr2=12π(50)=25π.\tfrac12\pi r^2=\tfrac12\pi(50)=25\pi.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

9.

Francesca 用 100100 克柠檬汁、100100 克糖和 400400 克水制作柠檬水。每 100100 克柠檬汁含 2525 卡路里,每 100100 克糖含 386386 卡路里。水不含卡路里。她的 200200 克柠檬水含多少卡路里?

Francesca uses 100100 grams of lemon juice, 100100 grams of sugar, and 400400 grams of water to make lemonade. There are 2525 calories in 100100 grams of lemon juice and 386386 calories in 100100 grams of sugar. Water contains no calories. How many calories are in 200200 grams of her lemonade?

129129

137137

174174

223223

411411

知识点:比与比例速率
难度评级:1000
小提示:

整批柠檬水重 600600 克,含 25+38625+386 卡路里。

The whole batch weighs 600600 grams and holds 25+38625+386 calories

大提示:

将总卡路里按 200600\tfrac{200}{600} 缩放。

Scale the total calories by 200600\tfrac{200}{600}

解答:

柠檬水总重 100+100+400=600100+100+400=600 克,含 25+386=41125+386=411 卡路里。

200200 克中有 411200600=4113=137411\cdot\tfrac{200}{600}=\tfrac{411}{3}=137 卡路里。

所以正确答案是 B

The lemonade totals 100+100+400=600100+100+400=600 grams containing 25+386=41125+386=411 calories.

In 200200 grams there are 411200600=4113=137411\cdot\tfrac{200}{600}=\tfrac{411}{3}=137 calories.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

一个三角形边长均为整数,其中一条边是第二条边的三倍,第三条边长为 1515。这个三角形的最大可能周长是多少?

In a triangle with integer side lengths, one side is three times as long as a second side, and the length of the third side is 15.15. What is the greatest possible perimeter of the triangle?

4343

4444

4545

4646

4747

难度评级:1190
小提示:

设三边为 xx3x3x1515

Let the sides be x,x, 3x,3x, and 1515

大提示:

起限制作用的三角形不等式是 x+15>3xx+15 \gt 3x

The binding triangle inequality is x+15>3xx+15 \gt 3x

解答:

设三边为 xx3x3x1515。三角形不等式 x+15>3xx+15 \gt 3x 给出 x<7.5x \lt 7.5

最大整数为 x=7x=7,三边为 7721211515,周长为 7+21+15=437+21+15=43

所以正确答案是 A

Let the sides be x,x, 3x,3x, and 15.15. The triangle inequality x+15>3xx+15 \gt 3x gives x<7.5.x \lt 7.5.

The largest integer is x=7,x=7, giving sides 7,7, 21,21, 1515 and perimeter 7+21+15=43.7+21+15=43.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

11.

7!+8!+9!++2006!7! + 8! + 9! + \cdots + 2006!\, 之和的十位数字是多少?

What is the tens digit in the sum 7!+8!+9!++2006!?7! + 8! + 9! + \cdots + 2006!\,?

11

33

44

66

99

难度评级:1280
小提示:

n10n\ge 10 时,n!n! 至少以两个零结尾。

For n10,n\ge 10, n!n! ends in at least two zeros

大提示:

只有 7!+8!+9!7!+8!+9! 会影响最后两位。

Only 7!+8!+9!7!+8!+9! affects the last two digits

解答:

n10n\ge 10 时,n!n! 能被 100100 整除,所以不影响最后两位。

十位数字来自 7!+8!+9!7!+8!+9! =5040+40320+362880=5040+40320+362880 =408240=408240,其十位数字为 44

所以正确答案是 C

For n10,n\ge 10, n!n! is divisible by 100,100, so it does not affect the last two digits.

The tens digit comes from 7!+8!+9!7!+8!+9! =5040+40320+362880=5040+40320+362880 =408240,=408240, whose tens digit is 4.4.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

12.

直线 x=14y+ax=\tfrac14 y+ay=14x+by=\tfrac14 x+b 交于点 (1,2)(1,2)。求 a+ba+b

The lines x=14y+ax=\tfrac14 y+a and y=14x+by=\tfrac14 x+b intersect at the point (1,2).(1,2). What is a+b?a+b?

00

34\dfrac{3}{4}

11

22

94\dfrac{9}{4}

知识点:换元法方程组
难度评级:1140
小提示:

(1,2)(1,2) 代入两个方程。

Substitute (1,2)(1,2) into both equations

大提示:

将得到的两个方程相加可直接得到 a+ba+b

Add the two resulting equations to get a+ba+b directly

解答:

代入 (1,2)(1,2):由 1=14(2)+a1=\tfrac14(2)+aa=12a=\tfrac12,由 2=14(1)+b2=\tfrac14(1)+bb=74b=\tfrac74

因此 a+b=12+74=94a+b=\tfrac12+\tfrac74=\tfrac94

所以正确答案是 E

Substituting (1,2)(1,2): from 1=14(2)+a1=\tfrac14(2)+a we get a=12,a=\tfrac12, and from 2=14(1)+b2=\tfrac14(1)+b we get b=74.b=\tfrac74.

Then a+b=12+74=94.a+b=\tfrac12+\tfrac74=\tfrac94.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

13.

Joe 和 JoAnn 各买了 1212 盎司咖啡,装在 1616 盎司杯中。Joe 喝掉 22 盎司咖啡后加入 22 盎司奶油。JoAnn 先加入 22 盎司奶油,充分搅拌后喝掉 22 盎司。最终 Joe 咖啡中的奶油量与 JoAnn 咖啡中的奶油量之比是多少?

Joe and JoAnn each bought 1212 ounces of coffee in a 1616-ounce cup. Joe drank 22 ounces of his coffee and then added 22 ounces of cream. JoAnn added 22 ounces of cream, stirred the coffee well, and then drank 22 ounces. What is the resulting ratio of the amount of cream in Joe’s coffee to that in JoAnn’s coffee?

67\dfrac{6}{7}

1314\dfrac{13}{14}

11

1413\dfrac{14}{13}

76\dfrac{7}{6}

难度评级:1340
小提示:

Joe 的杯中有 22 盎司奶油。

Joe simply has 22 ounces of cream

大提示:

JoAnn 从 1414 盎司均匀混合液中喝掉 22 盎司,而其中原有 22 盎司奶油。

JoAnn drinks 22 of 1414 ounces of a well-mixed drink holding 22 ounces of cream

解答:

Joe 加入 22 盎司奶油后没有再喝,所以他有 22 盎司奶油。

JoAnn 有 1212 盎司咖啡加 22 盎司奶油,共 1414 盎司均匀混合液。喝掉 22 盎司后,她保留了奶油的 1214=67\tfrac{12}{14}=\tfrac67,即 672=127\tfrac67\cdot2=\tfrac{12}{7} 盎司。

所求比为 2÷127=762\div\tfrac{12}{7}=\tfrac{7}{6}

所以正确答案是 E

Joe adds 22 ounces of cream and drinks nothing afterward, so he has 22 ounces of cream.

JoAnn has 1212 ounces of coffee plus 22 ounces of cream, making 1414 ounces of uniform mixture. After drinking 22 ounces she keeps 1214=67\tfrac{12}{14}=\tfrac67 of her cream, which is 672=127\tfrac67\cdot2=\tfrac{12}{7} ounces.

The ratio is 2÷127=76.2\div\tfrac{12}{7}=\tfrac{7}{6}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

14.

aabb 是方程 x2mx+2=0x^2-mx+2=0 的根。又设 a+1ba+\tfrac1bb+1ab+\tfrac1a 是方程 x2px+q=0x^2-px+q=0 的根。求 qq 的值。

Let aa and bb be the roots of the equation x2mx+2=0.x^2-mx+2=0. Suppose that a+1ba+\tfrac1b and b+1ab+\tfrac1a are the roots of the equation x2px+q=0.x^2-px+q=0. What is q?q?

52\dfrac{5}{2}

72\dfrac{7}{2}

44

92\dfrac{9}{2}

88

难度评级:1480
小提示:

由韦达定理,ab=2ab=2

By Vieta’s formulas, ab=2ab=2

大提示:

qq 是乘积 (a+1b)(b+1a)\left(a+\tfrac1b\right)\left(b+\tfrac1a\right)

qq is the product (a+1b)(b+1a)\left(a+\tfrac1b\right)\left(b+\tfrac1a\right)

解答:

因为 aabbx2mx+2x^2-mx+2 的根,所以 ab=2ab=2

qq 是新方程两根的乘积:q=(a+1b)(b+1a)=ab+1+1+1ab=2+2+12=92 \begin{aligned} q&=\left(a+\tfrac1b\right)\left(b+\tfrac1a\right)\\ &=ab+1+1+\tfrac{1}{ab}\\ &=2+2+\tfrac12=\tfrac92 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

Since aa and bb are roots of x2mx+2,x^2-mx+2, we have ab=2.ab=2.

The value qq is the product of the new roots: q=(a+1b)(b+1a)=ab+1+1+1ab=2+2+12=92. \begin{aligned} q&=\left(a+\tfrac1b\right)\left(b+\tfrac1a\right)\\ &=ab+1+1+\tfrac{1}{ab}\\ &=2+2+\tfrac12=\tfrac92. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

15.

菱形 ABCDABCD 与菱形 BFDEBFDE 相似。菱形 ABCDABCD 的面积为 2424,且 BAD=60\angle BAD=60^\circ。菱形 BFDEBFDE 的面积是多少?

Rhombus ABCDABCD is similar to rhombus BFDE.BFDE. The area of rhombus ABCDABCD is 24,24, and BAD=60.\angle BAD=60^\circ. What is the area of rhombus BFDE?BFDE?

66

434\sqrt{3}

88

99

636\sqrt{3}

难度评级:1460
小提示:

因为 AB=ADAB=ADBAD=60\angle BAD=60^\circ,三角形 ABDABD 是等边三角形。

Since AB=ADAB=AD and BAD=60,\angle BAD=60^\circ, triangle ABDABD is equilateral

大提示:

EEFFABCDABCD 分成六个全等三角形。

EE and FF split ABCDABCD into six congruent triangles

解答:

因为 AB=ADAB=ADBAD=60\angle BAD=60^\circ,三角形 ABDABD 是等边三角形,三角形 CBDCBD 也是等边三角形。

EEFF 将这个菱形分成六个全等三角形,每个面积为 246=4\tfrac{24}{6}=4

菱形 BFDEBFDE 由三角形 BEDBEDBFDBFD 组成,所以面积为 24=82\cdot4=8

所以正确答案是 C

Because AB=ADAB=AD and BAD=60,\angle BAD=60^\circ, triangle ABDABD is equilateral, and so is triangle CBD.CBD.

Points EE and FF split the rhombus into six congruent triangles, each of area 246=4.\tfrac{24}{6}=4.

Rhombus BFDEBFDE is the union of triangles BEDBED and BFD,BFD, so its area is 24=8.2\cdot4=8.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

16.

20042004 年二月 2929 日这个闰日是星期日。20202020 年二月 2929 日将是星期几?

Leap Day, February 29,29, 2004,2004, occurred on a Sunday. On what day of the week will Leap Day, February 29,29, 2020,2020, occur?

星期二

Tuesday

星期三

Wednesday

星期四

Thursday

星期五

Friday

星期六

Saturday

难度评级:1340
小提示:

从一个闰日到下一个闰日共有 3365+3663\cdot365+366 天。

Count the days from one Leap Day to the next: 3365+3663\cdot365+366

大提示:

这个总数满足 14615(mod7)1461\equiv 5\pmod 7,所以每个 44 年周期星期数向前推进 55 天。

That total is 14615(mod7),1461\equiv 5\pmod 7, so each 44-year cycle advances the weekday by 55

解答:

从一个闰日到下一个闰日共有 3365+366=14613\cdot365+366=1461 天,且 14615(mod7)1461\equiv 5\pmod 7

20042004 年到 20202020 年有四个这样的周期,星期数推进 45=206(mod7)4\cdot5=20\equiv 6\pmod 7,也就是从星期日向前推 66 天。

因此 20202020 年的闰日是星期六。

所以正确答案是 E

From one Leap Day to the next is 3365+366=14613\cdot365+366=1461 days, and 14615(mod7).1461\equiv 5\pmod 7.

Over the four cycles from 20042004 to 2020,2020, the weekday advances 45=206(mod7),4\cdot5=20\equiv 6\pmod 7, that is, 66 days forward, which is one day back from Sunday.

So Leap Day 20202020 falls on a Saturday.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

17.

Bob 和 Alice 各有一个袋子,袋中各有蓝、绿、橙、红、紫五种颜色的球各一个。Alice 随机从她的袋子中选一个球放入 Bob 的袋子。然后 Bob 随机从自己的袋子中选一个球放入 Alice 的袋子。这个过程结束后,两个袋子中内容相同的概率是多少?

Bob and Alice each have a bag that contains one ball of each of the colors blue, green, orange, red, and violet. Alice randomly selects one ball from her bag and puts it into Bob’s bag. Bob then randomly selects one ball from his bag and puts it into Alice’s bag. What is the probability that after this process the contents of the two bags are the same?

110\dfrac{1}{10}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

15\dfrac{1}{5}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

难度评级:1460
小提示:

Alice 移动后,Bob 的袋中有 66 个球,其中一种颜色出现两次。

After Alice’s move, Bob’s bag has 66 balls with one color doubled

大提示:

只有当 Bob 还回一个这种重复颜色的球时,两个袋子才会匹配。

The bags match only if Bob returns a ball of that doubled color

解答:

Alice 将一个球移给 Bob 后,Bob 的袋子中有 66 个球,其中恰好一种颜色出现两次。

两个袋子最终相同,当且仅当 Bob 还回这两个同色球中的一个。六个球中有两个符合条件,所以概率为 26=13\tfrac26=\tfrac13

所以正确答案是 D

Alice moves one ball to Bob, so Bob’s bag holds 66 balls with exactly one color appearing twice.

The two bags end up identical exactly when Bob returns one of that duplicated pair. Two of the six balls qualify, so the probability is 26=13.\tfrac26=\tfrac13.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

18.

a1a_1a2a_2\ldots 是一个数列,其中 a1=2a_1=2a2=3a_2=3,且对每个正整数 n3n\ge 3,有 an=an1an2a_n=\dfrac{a_{n-1}}{a_{n-2}}。求 a2006a_{2006}

Let a1,a_1, a2,a_2, \ldots be a sequence for which a1=2,a_1=2, a2=3,a_2=3, and an=an1an2a_n=\dfrac{a_{n-1}}{a_{n-2}} for each positive integer n3.n\ge 3. What is a2006?a_{2006}?

12\dfrac{1}{2}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

32\dfrac{3}{2}

22

33

知识点:递推找规律
难度评级:1280
小提示:

计算前几项,找出重复循环。

Compute the first several terms to detect a repeating cycle

大提示:

数列每 66 项重复一次;将 2006200666 取余。

The sequence repeats every 66 terms; reduce 20062006 modulo 66

解答:

前几项为 2,3,32,12,13,232,\,3,\,\tfrac32,\,\tfrac12,\,\tfrac13,\,\tfrac23,接着又是 2,3,2,\,3,\ldots,周期为 66

因为 2006=6334+22006=6\cdot334+2,所以 a2006=a2=3a_{2006}=a_2=3

所以正确答案是 E

The terms are 2,3,32,12,13,23,2,\,3,\,\tfrac32,\,\tfrac12,\,\tfrac13,\,\tfrac23, then 2,3,,2,\,3,\ldots, a cycle of length 6.6.

Since 2006=6334+2,2006=6\cdot334+2, we have a2006=a2=3.a_{2006}=a_2=3.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

19.

半径为 22 的圆以 OO 为圆心。正方形 OABCOABC 的边长为 11。边 AB\overline{AB}CB\overline{CB} 分别越过 BB 延长,与圆交于 DDEE。图中由 BD\overline{BD}BE\overline{BE} 以及连接 DDEE 的小弧围成的阴影区域面积是多少?

A circle of radius 22 is centered at O.O. Square OABCOABC has side length 1.1. Sides AB\overline{AB} and CB\overline{CB} are extended past BB to meet the circle at DD and E,E, respectively. What is the area of the shaded region in the figure, which is bounded by BD,\overline{BD}, BE,\overline{BE}, and the minor arc connecting DD and E?E?

π3+13\dfrac{\pi}{3}+1-\sqrt{3}

π2(23)\dfrac{\pi}{2}(2-\sqrt{3})

π(23)\pi(2-\sqrt{3})

π6+312\dfrac{\pi}{6}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}

π31+3\dfrac{\pi}{3}-1+\sqrt{3}

难度评级:1820
小提示:

利用 OC=1OC=1OE=2OE=2 求出 EOA=30\angle EOA=30^\circ

Use OC=1OC=1 and OE=2OE=2 to find EOA=30\angle EOA=30^\circ

大提示:

阴影面积等于扇形 DOEDOE 减去两个直角三角形 OBDOBDOBEOBE

Shaded area equals sector DOEDOE minus the two right triangles OBDOBD and OBEOBE

解答:

因为 OA=1OA=1OD=2OD=2,且 DD 在直线 x=1x=1 上,所以 AOD=60\angle AOD=60^\circCOE=60\angle COE=60^\circDOE=30\angle DOE=30^\circ

因此扇形 DOEDOE 的面积为 30360π(22)=π3\tfrac{30}{360}\pi(2^2)=\tfrac{\pi}{3}

阴影区域是这个扇形减去三角形 OBDOBDOBEOBE。由于 BD=BE=31BD=BE=\sqrt3-1,每个三角形面积为 12(31)(1)\tfrac12(\sqrt3-1)(1),合计为 31\sqrt3-1

所以阴影面积为 π3(31)=π3+13\tfrac{\pi}{3}-(\sqrt3-1)=\tfrac{\pi}{3}+1-\sqrt3

所以正确答案是 A

Since OA=1OA=1 and OD=2OD=2 with DD on the line x=1,x=1, we get AOD=60,\angle AOD=60^\circ, and likewise COE=60,\angle COE=60^\circ, so DOE=30.\angle DOE=30^\circ.

The sector DOEDOE has area 30360π(22)=π3.\tfrac{30}{360}\pi(2^2)=\tfrac{\pi}{3}.

The region is this sector minus triangles OBDOBD and OBE.OBE. With BD=BE=31,BD=BE=\sqrt3-1, each triangle has area 12(31)(1),\tfrac12(\sqrt3-1)(1), totaling 31.\sqrt3-1.

So the shaded area is π3(31)=π3+13.\tfrac{\pi}{3}-(\sqrt3-1)=\tfrac{\pi}{3}+1-\sqrt3.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

20.

在矩形 ABCDABCD 中,A=(6,22)A=(6,-22)B=(2006,178)B=(2006,178),且 D=(8,y)D=(8,y),其中 yy 为整数。矩形 ABCDABCD 的面积是多少?

In rectangle ABCD,ABCD, we have A=(6,22),A=(6,-22), B=(2006,178),B=(2006,178), and D=(8,y)D=(8,y) for some integer y.y. What is the area of rectangle ABCD?ABCD?

40004000

40404040

44004400

40,00040{,}000

40,40040{,}400

难度评级:1580
小提示:

ABAD\overline{AB}\perp\overline{AD},所以它们的斜率乘积为 1-1

ABAD,\overline{AB}\perp\overline{AD}, so their slopes multiply to 1-1

大提示:

面积为 ABADAB\cdot AD

The area is ABADAB\cdot AD

解答:

AB\overline{AB} 的斜率为 178(22)20066=2002000=110\tfrac{178-(-22)}{2006-6}=\tfrac{200}{2000}=\tfrac1{10}。由于 ADAB\overline{AD}\perp\overline{AB},其斜率为 10-10,所以 y+2286=10\tfrac{y+22}{8-6}=-10,得到 y=42y=-42

于是 AB=20002+2002AB=\sqrt{2000^2+200^2} =200101=200\sqrt{101},且 AD=22+202=2101AD=\sqrt{2^2+20^2}=2\sqrt{101}

面积为 2001012101200\sqrt{101}\cdot2\sqrt{101} =400101=400\cdot101 =40,400=40{,}400

所以正确答案是 E

The slope of AB\overline{AB} is 178(22)20066=2002000=110.\tfrac{178-(-22)}{2006-6}=\tfrac{200}{2000}=\tfrac1{10}. Since ADAB,\overline{AD}\perp\overline{AB}, its slope is 10,-10, so y+2286=10\tfrac{y+22}{8-6}=-10 gives y=42.y=-42.

Then AB=20002+2002AB=\sqrt{2000^2+200^2} =200101=200\sqrt{101} and AD=22+202=2101.AD=\sqrt{2^2+20^2}=2\sqrt{101}.

The area is 2001012101200\sqrt{101}\cdot2\sqrt{101} =400101=400\cdot101 =40,400.=40{,}400.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

21.

一对特殊骰子中,每个骰子掷出 112233445566 的概率之比为 1:2:3:4:5:61:2:3:4:5:6。掷两个骰子,总和为 77 的概率是多少?

For a particular peculiar pair of dice, the probabilities of rolling 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 5,5, and 66 on each die are in the ratio 1:2:3:4:5:6.1:2:3:4:5:6. What is the probability of rolling a total of 77 on the two dice?

463\dfrac{4}{63}

18\dfrac{1}{8}

863\dfrac{8}{63}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

27\dfrac{2}{7}

难度评级:1630
小提示:

掷出 kk 的概率为 k21\tfrac{k}{21}

The probability of rolling kk is k21\tfrac{k}{21}

大提示:

对六个满足 i+j=7i+j=7 的有序数对,求和 P(i)P(7i)P(i)P(7-i)

Sum P(i)P(7i)P(i)P(7-i) over the six ordered pairs with i+j=7i+j=7

解答:

每个骰子掷出 kk 的概率为 k1+2++6=k21\tfrac{k}{1+2+\cdots+6}=\tfrac{k}{21}

总和为 77 的有序数对 (1,6),(2,5),,(6,1)(1,6),(2,5),\ldots,(6,1) 给出的概率为 16+25+34+43+52+61212=56441=863 \begin{aligned} &\scriptsize\dfrac{1\cdot6+2\cdot5+3\cdot4+4\cdot3+5\cdot2+6\cdot1}{21^2}\\ &=\dfrac{56}{441}=\dfrac{8}{63} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Each die shows kk with probability k1+2++6=k21.\tfrac{k}{1+2+\cdots+6}=\tfrac{k}{21}.

For a total of 7,7, the ordered pairs (1,6),(2,5),,(6,1)(1,6),(2,5),\ldots,(6,1) contribute 16+25+34+43+52+61212=56441=863. \begin{aligned} &\scriptsize\dfrac{1\cdot6+2\cdot5+3\cdot4+4\cdot3+5\cdot2+6\cdot1}{21^2}\\ &=\dfrac{56}{441}=\dfrac{8}{63}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

22.

Elmo 为一次募捐活动制作 NN 个三明治。每个三明治使用 BB 团花生酱,每团 44¢,以及 JJ 团果酱,每团 55¢。制作全部三明治所用的花生酱和果酱成本为 $2.53\$2.53。设 BBJJNN 是正整数且 N>1N \gt 1。Elmo 制作三明治所用果酱的成本是多少?

Elmo makes NN sandwiches for a fundraiser. For each sandwich he uses BB globs of peanut butter at 44¢ per glob and JJ blobs of jam at 55¢ per blob. The cost of the peanut butter and jam to make all the sandwiches is $2.53.\$2.53. Assume that B,B, J,J, and NN are positive integers with N>1.N \gt 1. What is the cost of the jam Elmo uses to make the sandwiches?

$1.05\$1.05

$1.25\$1.25

$1.45\$1.45

$1.65\$1.65

$1.85\$1.85

难度评级:1860
小提示:

总成本以美分计为 N(4B+5J)=253N(4B+5J)=253

The total cost in cents is N(4B+5J)=253N(4B+5J)=253

大提示:

253=1123253=11\cdot23,且 N>1N \gt 1,所以逐一检验它的因数。

253=1123,253=11\cdot23, and N>1,N \gt 1, so test each factor

解答:

总成本为 N(4B+5J)=253N(4B+5J)=253 美分 =1123=11\cdot23。因为 N>1N \gt 1,所以 N{11,23,253}N\in\{11,23,253\}

N=253N=253N=23N=23,则 4B+5J4B+5J 等于 111111,对正整数不可能。

因此 N=11N=11,且 4B+5J=234B+5J=23。唯一正整数解为 B=2B=2J=3J=3。果酱成本为 1135=16511\cdot3\cdot5=165 美分,即 $1.65\$1.65

所以正确答案是 D

The total cost is N(4B+5J)=253N(4B+5J)=253 cents =1123.=11\cdot23. Since N>1,N \gt 1, N{11,23,253}.N\in\{11,23,253\}.

If N=253N=253 or N=23,N=23, then 4B+5J4B+5J equals 11 or 11,11, impossible for positive integers.

So N=11N=11 and 4B+5J=23,4B+5J=23, whose only positive solution is B=2,B=2, J=3.J=3. The jam costs 1135=16511\cdot3\cdot5=165 cents, or $1.65.\$1.65.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

一个三角形被从两个顶点向对边作出的两条线分割成三个三角形和一个四边形。如图,三个三角形面积分别为 337777。阴影四边形的面积是多少?

A triangle is partitioned into three triangles and a quadrilateral by drawing two lines from vertices to their opposite sides. The areas of the three triangles are 3,3, 7,7, and 7,7, as shown. What is the area of the shaded quadrilateral?

1515

1717

352\dfrac{35}{2}

1818

553\dfrac{55}{3}

知识点:面积比方程组
难度评级:1950
小提示:

将四边形分成两个面积为 RRSS 的三角形。

Split the quadrilateral into two triangles with areas RR and SS

大提示:

共高三角形的面积与底边成正比。

Triangles sharing an altitude have areas proportional to their bases

解答:

将四边形分成两个面积为 RRSS 的三角形,则阴影面积为 T=R+ST=R+S

比较共高三角形,由底边比得到 R3=T+710\tfrac{R}{3}=\tfrac{T+7}{10}S7=T+314\tfrac{S}{7}=\tfrac{T+3}{14}

因此 T=R+S=3T+710+7T+314T=R+S=3\cdot\tfrac{T+7}{10}+7\cdot\tfrac{T+3}{14} 所以 10T=3(T+7)10T=3(T+7) +5(T+3)+5(T+3) =8T+36=8T+36,得到 T=18T=18

所以正确答案是 D

Split the quadrilateral into two triangles of areas RR and S,S, so the shaded area is T=R+S.T=R+S.

Comparing triangles that share an altitude, base ratios give R3=T+710\tfrac{R}{3}=\tfrac{T+7}{10} and S7=T+314.\tfrac{S}{7}=\tfrac{T+3}{14}.

Then T=R+S=3T+710+7T+314,T=R+S=3\cdot\tfrac{T+7}{10}+7\cdot\tfrac{T+3}{14}, so 10T=3(T+7)10T=3(T+7) +5(T+3)+5(T+3) =8T+36,=8T+36, giving T=18.T=18.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

24.

圆心分别为 OOPP 的两个圆半径为 2244,且外切。点 AABB 在圆心为 OO 的圆上,点 CCDD 在圆心为 PP 的圆上,使得 AD\overline{AD}BC\overline{BC} 是两圆的公外切线。凹六边形 AOBCPDAOBCPD 的面积是多少?

Circles with centers at OO and PP have radii 22 and 4,4, respectively, and are externally tangent. Points AA and BB on the circle with center OO and points CC and DD on the circle with center PP are such that AD\overline{AD} and BC\overline{BC} are common external tangents to the circles. What is the area of the concave hexagon AOBCPD?AOBCPD?

18318\sqrt{3}

24224\sqrt{2}

3636

24324\sqrt{3}

32232\sqrt{2}

难度评级:2010
小提示:

OFADOF\parallel AD,交 PDPDFF,形成一个矩形和一个直角三角形。

Draw OFADOF\parallel AD meeting PDPD at FF to form a rectangle and a right triangle

大提示:

此时 DF=2DF=2FP=2FP=2,且 OF=OP2FP2OF=\sqrt{OP^2-FP^2},其中 OP=6OP=6

Then DF=2,DF=2, FP=2,FP=2, and OF=OP2FP2OF=\sqrt{OP^2-FP^2} with OP=6OP=6

解答:

这个六边形关于 OP\overline{OP} 对称,所以其面积是梯形 AOPDAOPD 面积的两倍。

OFADOF\parallel AD,其中 FFPD\overline{PD} 上。则 AOFDAOFD 是矩形,所以 DF=OA=2DF=OA=2,且 FP=PDDF=42=2FP=PD-DF=4-2=2

由于两圆外切,OP=2+4=6OP=2+4=6,所以在直角三角形 OFPOFP 中,OF=364=42OF=\sqrt{36-4}=4\sqrt2

梯形 AOPDAOPD 的平行边为 OA=2OA=2PD=4PD=4,高为 OF=42OF=4\sqrt2,面积为 12(2+4)(42)=122\tfrac12(2+4)(4\sqrt2)=12\sqrt2。六边形面积为 2122=2422\cdot12\sqrt2=24\sqrt2

所以正确答案是 B

The hexagon is symmetric about OP,\overline{OP}, so its area is twice that of trapezoid AOPD.AOPD.

Draw OFADOF\parallel AD with FF on PD.\overline{PD}. Then AOFDAOFD is a rectangle, so DF=OA=2DF=OA=2 and FP=PDDF=42=2.FP=PD-DF=4-2=2.

Since the circles are externally tangent, OP=2+4=6,OP=2+4=6, so in right triangle OFP,OFP, OF=364=42.OF=\sqrt{36-4}=4\sqrt2.

Trapezoid AOPDAOPD has parallel sides OA=2OA=2 and PD=4PD=4 with height OF=42,OF=4\sqrt2, giving area 12(2+4)(42)=122.\tfrac12(2+4)(4\sqrt2)=12\sqrt2. The hexagon area is 2122=242.2\cdot12\sqrt2=24\sqrt2.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

25.

Jones 先生有八个年龄各不相同的孩子。在一次家庭旅行中,他最大的孩子 99 岁,看到一个 44 位数车牌,其中两个数字各出现两次。她喊道:“看,爸爸!这个数能被我们每个孩子的年龄整除!”Jones 先生回答:“没错,而且最后两位数正好是我的年龄。”下列哪一项不是 Jones 先生某个孩子的年龄?

Mr. Jones has eight children of different ages. On a family trip his oldest child, who is 9,9, spots a license plate with a 44-digit number in which each of two digits appears two times. “Look, daddy!” she exclaims. “That number is evenly divisible by the age of each of us kids!” “That’s right,” replies Mr. Jones, “and the last two digits just happen to be my age.” Which of the following is not the age of one of Mr. Jones’s children?

44

55

66

77

88

难度评级:2120
小提示:

最大的孩子 99 岁,所以这个数能被 99 整除。

The oldest child is 9,9, so the number is divisible by 99

大提示:

两个数字各出现两次时,数字和 2(a+b)2(a+b)99 的倍数,迫使 a+b=9a+b=9

With two digits each appearing twice, the digit sum 2(a+b)2(a+b) is a multiple of 9,9, forcing a+b=9a+b=9

解答:

因为有一个孩子 99 岁,车牌号能被 99 整除,所以它的各位数字之和 2(a+b)2(a+b)99 的倍数,这迫使 a+b=9a+b=9

八个不同年龄是从 1199 的九个整数中的八个,所以 4488 中至少有一个是孩子的年龄。因此车牌号能被 44 整除。不计两个数字互换,排列形式为 aabbaabbababababbaabbaab。把这些形式与 a+b=9a+b=9 及能被 44 整除结合,剩下 1188, 2772, 3636, 5544,6336, 7272, 9900 \begin{gathered} 1188,\ 2772,\ 3636,\ 5544,\\ 6336,\ 7272,\ 9900 \end{gathered}\text{。}

最后一个候选会使 Jones 先生的年龄为 0000,所以不可能。其余六个候选都不能被 55 整除,因此 55 不可能是孩子的年龄。条件确实可以满足:55445544 能被 {1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9}\{1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9\} 中的每个年龄整除,而末两位给出 Jones 先生的年龄 4444

所以正确答案是 B

Since a child is 9,9, the number is divisible by 9,9, so its digit sum 2(a+b)2(a+b) is a multiple of 9,9, which forces a+b=9.a+b=9.

The eight distinct ages are eight of the nine integers from 11 through 9,9, so at least one of 44 and 88 is an age. Hence the plate number is divisible by 4.4. Up to interchanging the two digits, its pattern is aabb,aabb, abab,abab, or baab.baab. Combining these patterns with a+b=9a+b=9 and divisibility by 44 leaves 1188, 2772, 3636, 5544,6336, 7272, 9900. \begin{gathered} 1188,\ 2772,\ 3636,\ 5544,\\ 6336,\ 7272,\ 9900. \end{gathered}

The last candidate would make Mr. Jones’s age 00,00, so it is impossible. None of the other six candidates is divisible by 5,5, so 55 cannot be one of the children’s ages. The conditions are attainable: 55445544 is divisible by each age in {1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9}\{1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9\} and its last two digits give Mr. Jones’s age as 44.44.

Thus, the correct answer is B.