2006 AMC 10B 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
求 的值。
What is
小提示:
将相邻两项分组。
Group the terms in consecutive pairs
大提示:
每组中的奇次幂项和偶次幂项符号相反。
In each pair, compare the signs of the odd-power and even-power terms
解答:
共有 项。把相邻项配对,得到 。由于 是偶数,每一项都能配对,因此总和为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
There are terms. Pairing consecutive terms gives Since is even, every term pairs off and the sum is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
2.
3.
Cougars 和 Panthers 两队进行了一场橄榄球比赛。两队总共得 分,Cougars 以 分优势获胜。Panthers 得了多少分?
A football game was played between two teams, the Cougars and the Panthers. The two teams scored a total of points, and the Cougars won by a margin of points. How many points did the Panthers score?
4.
直径为 英寸和 英寸的两个圆同心。较小圆涂成红色,较小圆外且较大圆内的部分涂成蓝色。蓝色面积与红色面积之比是多少?
Circles of diameter inch and inches have the same center. The smaller circle is painted red, and the portion outside the smaller circle and inside the larger circle is painted blue. What is the ratio of the blue-painted area to the red-painted area?
5.
一个 矩形和一个 矩形放在一个正方形内,内部不重叠,且正方形的边与两个矩形的边平行。这个正方形最小可能面积是多少?
A rectangle and a rectangle are contained within a square without overlapping at any interior point, and the sides of the square are parallel to the sides of the two given rectangles. What is the smallest possible area of the square?
小提示:
试着把两个矩形并排放,使它们长度为 的边对齐。
Try stacking the rectangles so their sides of length line up
大提示:
正方形边长至少要容纳两个较小尺寸之和 。
The square’s side must be at least the sum of the smaller dimensions,
解答:
将两个矩形并排放置,使长度为 的边竖直。它们宽度相加为 ,高度 和 都能放进边长 的正方形。
因为两个矩形都与正方形的边平行且内部不重叠,所以它们的水平投影或竖直投影必定互不重叠。在任一方向上,第一个矩形至少占据 的长度,第二个矩形至少占据 的长度,因此正方形边长至少为 。所以最小面积为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Place the rectangles side by side with their -length sides vertical. Their widths add to and the heights and both fit within
Because the rectangles are axis-aligned and their interiors do not overlap, their horizontal projections or their vertical projections must be disjoint. In either direction, the first rectangle spans at least and the second spans at least so the square’s side is at least The smallest area is therefore
Thus, the correct answer is B.
6.
如图,一个区域由以边长为 的正方形各边为直径构造的半圆弧围成。这个区域的周长是多少?
A region is bounded by semicircular arcs constructed on the sides of a square whose sides measure as shown. What is the perimeter of this region?
小提示:
正方形的每条边都是一个半圆弧的直径。
Each side of the square is the diameter of one semicircular arc
大提示:
直径为 的半圆弧长为 。
A semicircle on diameter has arc length
解答:
每条边长为 ,也是一个半圆弧的直径,所以每条弧长为 。
边界由四条这样的弧组成,所以周长为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Each side has length the diameter of a semicircular arc, so each arc has length
The boundary consists of four such arcs, so the perimeter is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
7.
8.
如图,一个面积为 的正方形内接于一个半圆。这个半圆的面积是多少?
A square of area is inscribed in a semicircle as shown. What is the area of the semicircle?
小提示:
设正方形边长为 ,满足 ,且底边位于直径中央。
Let the square have side with base centered on the diameter
大提示:
半径满足 。
The radius satisfies
解答:
设正方形边长为 ,则 。它的底边在直径上居中,而上方的一个顶点 位于圆上。
因此 ,半圆面积为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let the square have side so Its base lies centered on the diameter, and a top corner at lies on the circle.
Then The semicircle area is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
9.
Francesca 用 克柠檬汁、 克糖和 克水制作柠檬水。每 克柠檬汁含 卡路里,每 克糖含 卡路里。水不含卡路里。她的 克柠檬水含多少卡路里?
Francesca uses grams of lemon juice, grams of sugar, and grams of water to make lemonade. There are calories in grams of lemon juice and calories in grams of sugar. Water contains no calories. How many calories are in grams of her lemonade?
10.
一个三角形边长均为整数,其中一条边是第二条边的三倍,第三条边长为 。这个三角形的最大可能周长是多少?
In a triangle with integer side lengths, one side is three times as long as a second side, and the length of the third side is What is the greatest possible perimeter of the triangle?
11.
之和的十位数字是多少?
What is the tens digit in the sum
小提示:
当 时, 至少以两个零结尾。
For ends in at least two zeros
大提示:
只有 会影响最后两位。
Only affects the last two digits
解答:
当 时, 能被 整除,所以不影响最后两位。
十位数字来自 ,其十位数字为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
For is divisible by so it does not affect the last two digits.
The tens digit comes from whose tens digit is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
12.
13.
Joe 和 JoAnn 各买了 盎司咖啡,装在 盎司杯中。Joe 喝掉 盎司咖啡后加入 盎司奶油。JoAnn 先加入 盎司奶油,充分搅拌后喝掉 盎司。最终 Joe 咖啡中的奶油量与 JoAnn 咖啡中的奶油量之比是多少?
Joe and JoAnn each bought ounces of coffee in a -ounce cup. Joe drank ounces of his coffee and then added ounces of cream. JoAnn added ounces of cream, stirred the coffee well, and then drank ounces. What is the resulting ratio of the amount of cream in Joe’s coffee to that in JoAnn’s coffee?
小提示:
Joe 的杯中有 盎司奶油。
Joe simply has ounces of cream
大提示:
JoAnn 从 盎司均匀混合液中喝掉 盎司,而其中原有 盎司奶油。
JoAnn drinks of ounces of a well-mixed drink holding ounces of cream
解答:
Joe 加入 盎司奶油后没有再喝,所以他有 盎司奶油。
JoAnn 有 盎司咖啡加 盎司奶油,共 盎司均匀混合液。喝掉 盎司后,她保留了奶油的 ,即 盎司。
所求比为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Joe adds ounces of cream and drinks nothing afterward, so he has ounces of cream.
JoAnn has ounces of coffee plus ounces of cream, making ounces of uniform mixture. After drinking ounces she keeps of her cream, which is ounces.
The ratio is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
14.
设 和 是方程 的根。又设 和 是方程 的根。求 的值。
Let and be the roots of the equation Suppose that and are the roots of the equation What is
15.
菱形 与菱形 相似。菱形 的面积为 ,且 。菱形 的面积是多少?
Rhombus is similar to rhombus The area of rhombus is and What is the area of rhombus
小提示:
因为 且 ,三角形 是等边三角形。
Since and triangle is equilateral
大提示:
和 将 分成六个全等三角形。
and split into six congruent triangles
解答:
因为 且 ,三角形 是等边三角形,三角形 也是等边三角形。
点 和 将这个菱形分成六个全等三角形,每个面积为 。
菱形 由三角形 和 组成,所以面积为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Because and triangle is equilateral, and so is triangle
Points and split the rhombus into six congruent triangles, each of area
Rhombus is the union of triangles and so its area is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
16.
年二月 日这个闰日是星期日。 年二月 日将是星期几?
Leap Day, February occurred on a Sunday. On what day of the week will Leap Day, February occur?
星期二
Tuesday
星期三
Wednesday
星期四
Thursday
星期五
Friday
星期六
Saturday
小提示:
从一个闰日到下一个闰日共有 天。
Count the days from one Leap Day to the next:
大提示:
这个总数满足 ,所以每个 年周期星期数向前推进 天。
That total is so each -year cycle advances the weekday by
解答:
从一个闰日到下一个闰日共有 天,且 。
从 年到 年有四个这样的周期,星期数推进 ,也就是从星期日向前推 天。
因此 年的闰日是星期六。
所以正确答案是 E。
From one Leap Day to the next is days, and
Over the four cycles from to the weekday advances that is, days forward, which is one day back from Sunday.
So Leap Day falls on a Saturday.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
17.
Bob 和 Alice 各有一个袋子,袋中各有蓝、绿、橙、红、紫五种颜色的球各一个。Alice 随机从她的袋子中选一个球放入 Bob 的袋子。然后 Bob 随机从自己的袋子中选一个球放入 Alice 的袋子。这个过程结束后,两个袋子中内容相同的概率是多少?
Bob and Alice each have a bag that contains one ball of each of the colors blue, green, orange, red, and violet. Alice randomly selects one ball from her bag and puts it into Bob’s bag. Bob then randomly selects one ball from his bag and puts it into Alice’s bag. What is the probability that after this process the contents of the two bags are the same?
小提示:
Alice 移动后,Bob 的袋中有 个球,其中一种颜色出现两次。
After Alice’s move, Bob’s bag has balls with one color doubled
大提示:
只有当 Bob 还回一个这种重复颜色的球时,两个袋子才会匹配。
The bags match only if Bob returns a ball of that doubled color
解答:
Alice 将一个球移给 Bob 后,Bob 的袋子中有 个球,其中恰好一种颜色出现两次。
两个袋子最终相同,当且仅当 Bob 还回这两个同色球中的一个。六个球中有两个符合条件,所以概率为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Alice moves one ball to Bob, so Bob’s bag holds balls with exactly one color appearing twice.
The two bags end up identical exactly when Bob returns one of that duplicated pair. Two of the six balls qualify, so the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
18.
设 ,, 是一个数列,其中 ,,且对每个正整数 ,有 。求 ?
Let be a sequence for which and for each positive integer What is
19.
半径为 的圆以 为圆心。正方形 的边长为 。边 和 分别越过 延长,与圆交于 和 。图中由 、 以及连接 和 的小弧围成的阴影区域面积是多少?
A circle of radius is centered at Square has side length Sides and are extended past to meet the circle at and respectively. What is the area of the shaded region in the figure, which is bounded by and the minor arc connecting and
小提示:
利用 和 求出 。
Use and to find
大提示:
阴影面积等于扇形 减去两个直角三角形 和 。
Shaded area equals sector minus the two right triangles and
解答:
因为 、,且 在直线 上,所以 ,,。
因此扇形 的面积为 。
阴影区域是这个扇形减去三角形 和 。由于 ,每个三角形面积为 ,合计为 。
所以阴影面积为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Since and with on the line we get and likewise so
The sector has area
The region is this sector minus triangles and With each triangle has area totaling
So the shaded area is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
20.
在矩形 中,、,且 ,其中 为整数。矩形 的面积是多少?
In rectangle we have and for some integer What is the area of rectangle
21.
一对特殊骰子中,每个骰子掷出 ,,,, 和 的概率之比为 。掷两个骰子,总和为 的概率是多少?
For a particular peculiar pair of dice, the probabilities of rolling and on each die are in the ratio What is the probability of rolling a total of on the two dice?
22.
Elmo 为一次募捐活动制作 个三明治。每个三明治使用 团花生酱,每团 ¢,以及 团果酱,每团 ¢。制作全部三明治所用的花生酱和果酱成本为 。设 、 和 是正整数且 。Elmo 制作三明治所用果酱的成本是多少?
Elmo makes sandwiches for a fundraiser. For each sandwich he uses globs of peanut butter at ¢ per glob and blobs of jam at ¢ per blob. The cost of the peanut butter and jam to make all the sandwiches is Assume that and are positive integers with What is the cost of the jam Elmo uses to make the sandwiches?
小提示:
总成本以美分计为 。
The total cost in cents is
大提示:
,且 ,所以逐一检验它的因数。
and so test each factor
解答:
总成本为 美分 。因为 ,所以 。
若 或 ,则 等于 或 ,对正整数不可能。
因此 ,且 。唯一正整数解为 、。果酱成本为 美分,即 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The total cost is cents Since
If or then equals or impossible for positive integers.
So and whose only positive solution is The jam costs cents, or
Thus, the correct answer is D.
23.
一个三角形被从两个顶点向对边作出的两条线分割成三个三角形和一个四边形。如图,三个三角形面积分别为 、 和 。阴影四边形的面积是多少?
A triangle is partitioned into three triangles and a quadrilateral by drawing two lines from vertices to their opposite sides. The areas of the three triangles are and as shown. What is the area of the shaded quadrilateral?
小提示:
将四边形分成两个面积为 和 的三角形。
Split the quadrilateral into two triangles with areas and
大提示:
共高三角形的面积与底边成正比。
Triangles sharing an altitude have areas proportional to their bases
解答:
将四边形分成两个面积为 和 的三角形,则阴影面积为 。
比较共高三角形,由底边比得到 和 。
因此 所以 ,得到 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Split the quadrilateral into two triangles of areas and so the shaded area is
Comparing triangles that share an altitude, base ratios give and
Then so giving
Thus, the correct answer is D.
24.
圆心分别为 和 的两个圆半径为 和 ,且外切。点 和 在圆心为 的圆上,点 和 在圆心为 的圆上,使得 和 是两圆的公外切线。凹六边形 的面积是多少?
Circles with centers at and have radii and respectively, and are externally tangent. Points and on the circle with center and points and on the circle with center are such that and are common external tangents to the circles. What is the area of the concave hexagon
小提示:
作 ,交 于 ,形成一个矩形和一个直角三角形。
Draw meeting at to form a rectangle and a right triangle
大提示:
此时 、,且 ,其中 。
Then and with
解答:
这个六边形关于 对称,所以其面积是梯形 面积的两倍。
作 ,其中 在 上。则 是矩形,所以 ,且 。
由于两圆外切,,所以在直角三角形 中,。
梯形 的平行边为 和 ,高为 ,面积为 。六边形面积为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The hexagon is symmetric about so its area is twice that of trapezoid
Draw with on Then is a rectangle, so and
Since the circles are externally tangent, so in right triangle
Trapezoid has parallel sides and with height giving area The hexagon area is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
25.
Jones 先生有八个年龄各不相同的孩子。在一次家庭旅行中,他最大的孩子 岁,看到一个 位数车牌,其中两个数字各出现两次。她喊道:“看,爸爸!这个数能被我们每个孩子的年龄整除!”Jones 先生回答:“没错,而且最后两位数正好是我的年龄。”下列哪一项不是 Jones 先生某个孩子的年龄?
Mr. Jones has eight children of different ages. On a family trip his oldest child, who is spots a license plate with a -digit number in which each of two digits appears two times. “Look, daddy!” she exclaims. “That number is evenly divisible by the age of each of us kids!” “That’s right,” replies Mr. Jones, “and the last two digits just happen to be my age.” Which of the following is not the age of one of Mr. Jones’s children?
小提示:
最大的孩子 岁,所以这个数能被 整除。
The oldest child is so the number is divisible by
大提示:
两个数字各出现两次时,数字和 是 的倍数,迫使 。
With two digits each appearing twice, the digit sum is a multiple of forcing
解答:
因为有一个孩子 岁,车牌号能被 整除,所以它的各位数字之和 是 的倍数,这迫使 。
八个不同年龄是从 到 的九个整数中的八个,所以 和 中至少有一个是孩子的年龄。因此车牌号能被 整除。不计两个数字互换,排列形式为 、 或 。把这些形式与 及能被 整除结合,剩下
最后一个候选会使 Jones 先生的年龄为 ,所以不可能。其余六个候选都不能被 整除,因此 不可能是孩子的年龄。条件确实可以满足: 能被 中的每个年龄整除,而末两位给出 Jones 先生的年龄 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Since a child is the number is divisible by so its digit sum is a multiple of which forces
The eight distinct ages are eight of the nine integers from through so at least one of and is an age. Hence the plate number is divisible by Up to interchanging the two digits, its pattern is or Combining these patterns with and divisibility by leaves
The last candidate would make Mr. Jones’s age so it is impossible. None of the other six candidates is divisible by so cannot be one of the children’s ages. The conditions are attainable: is divisible by each age in and its last two digits give Mr. Jones’s age as
Thus, the correct answer is B.