2004 AMC 10B 第 25 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

25.

一个半径为 11 的圆在点 AABB 处分别与两个半径为 22 的圆内切,其中 ABAB 是小圆的一条直径。求图中阴影区域面积,该区域位于小圆外部且在两个大圆内部。

A circle of radius 11 is internally tangent to two circles of radius 22 at points AA and B,B, where ABAB is a diameter of the smaller circle. What is the area of the region, shaded in the figure, that is outside the smaller circle and inside each of the two larger circles?

53π32\dfrac{5}{3}\pi - 3\sqrt{2}

53π23\dfrac{5}{3}\pi - 2\sqrt{3}

83π33\dfrac{8}{3}\pi - 3\sqrt{3}

83π32\dfrac{8}{3}\pi - 3\sqrt{2}

83π23\dfrac{8}{3}\pi - 2\sqrt{3}

答案:B
知识点:扇形面积分割特殊直角三角形对称性
难度评级:2270
解答:

设两个大圆圆心为 AABB,小圆圆心为 CC,两个大圆的一个交点为 DD

ACD\triangle ACD 是直角三角形,且 AC=1AC = 1AD=2AD = 2,所以 CD=3CD = \sqrt3CAD=60\angle CAD = 60^\circ,其面积为 32\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}

阴影区域的四分之一等于半径为 22 的大圆中一个 6060^\circ 扇形面积 2π3\dfrac{2\pi}{3},减去 ACD\triangle ACD 的面积 32\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2},再减去小圆四分之一的面积 π4\dfrac{\pi}{4},得到 2π332π4=5π1232\dfrac{2\pi}{3} - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{2} - \dfrac{\pi}{4} = \dfrac{5\pi}{12} - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}

乘以 44,阴影总面积为 5π323\dfrac{5\pi}{3} - 2\sqrt3

所以正确答案是 B

Let the large circles have centers AA and B,B, let CC be the center of the small circle, and let DD be a point where the two large circles meet.

Then ACD\triangle ACD is right with AC=1AC = 1 and AD=2,AD = 2, so CD=3,CD = \sqrt3, CAD=60,\angle CAD = 60^\circ, and its area is 32.\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}.

One quarter of the shaded region equals the 6060^\circ sector of the radius-22 circle (area 2π3\dfrac{2\pi}{3}) minus ACD\triangle ACD (area 32\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}) minus a quarter of the small circle (area π4\dfrac{\pi}{4}), giving 2π332π4=5π1232.\dfrac{2\pi}{3} - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{2} - \dfrac{\pi}{4} = \dfrac{5\pi}{12} - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}.

Multiplying by 4,4, the shaded area is 5π323.\dfrac{5\pi}{3} - 2\sqrt3.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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