2024 AMC 10A 第 21 题

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21.

一个 5×55 \times 5 整数数组中,每一行从左到右的数以及每一列从上到下的数都构成长度为 55 的等差数列。位置 (5,5)(5, 5)(2,4)(2, 4)(4,3)(4, 3)(3,1)(3, 1) 上的数分别为 00484816161212。位置 (1,2)(1, 2) 上的数是多少?

[?4812160]\begin{bmatrix} \cdot & ? & \cdot & \cdot & \cdot \\ \cdot & \cdot & \cdot & 48 & \cdot \\ 12 & \cdot & \cdot & \cdot & \cdot \\ \cdot & \cdot & 16 & \cdot & \cdot \\ \cdot & \cdot & \cdot & \cdot & 0 \end{bmatrix}

The numbers, in order, of each row and the numbers, in order, of each column of a 5×55 \times 5 array of integers form an arithmetic progression of length 5.5. The numbers in positions (5,5),(5, 5), (2,4),(2, 4), (4,3),(4, 3), and (3,1)(3, 1) are 0,0, 48,48, 16,16, and 12,12, respectively. What number is in position (1,2)?(1, 2)?

[?4812160]\begin{bmatrix} \cdot & ? & \cdot & \cdot & \cdot \\ \cdot & \cdot & \cdot & 48 & \cdot \\ 12 & \cdot & \cdot & \cdot & \cdot \\ \cdot & \cdot & 16 & \cdot & \cdot \\ \cdot & \cdot & \cdot & \cdot & 0 \end{bmatrix}

1919

2424

2929

3434

3939

答案:C
知识点:等差数列方程组
难度评级:1990
解答:

若每行和每列都是等差数列,则第 ii 行第 jj 列可写成双线性形式 f(i,j)=A+Bi+Cj+Dijf(i, j) = A + Bi + Cj + Dij。代入 f(5,5)=0f(5, 5) = 0f(2,4)=48f(2, 4) = 48f(4,3)=16f(4, 3) = 16f(3,1)=12f(3, 1) = 12 并求解,得到 A=10A = -10B=5B = 5C=22C = 22D=5D = -5。因此位置 (1,2)(1, 2) 的数为 10+5+22225=29-10 + 5 + 2 \cdot 22 - 2 \cdot 5 = 29,正确答案是 C

If every row and every column is an arithmetic progression, the entry at row i,i, column jj must take the bilinear form f(i,j)=A+Bi+Cj+Dij.f(i, j) = A + Bi + Cj + Dij. Plug in f(5,5)=0,f(5, 5) = 0, f(2,4)=48,f(2, 4) = 48, f(4,3)=16,f(4, 3) = 16, f(3,1)=12f(3, 1) = 12 and solve: A=10,A = -10, B=5,B = 5, C=22,C = 22, D=5.D = -5. So position (1,2)(1, 2) is 10+5+22225=29.-10 + 5 + 2 \cdot 22 - 2 \cdot 5 = 29. Thus, C is the correct answer.

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