2023 AMC 10B 第 22 题

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22.

有多少个不同的 xx 值满足 其中 x\lfloor x \rfloor 表示不超过 xx 的最大整数? x23x+2=0,\lfloor x \rfloor^2 - 3x + 2 = 0,

How many distinct values of xx satisfy x23x+2=0,\lfloor x \rfloor^2 - 3x + 2 = 0, where x\lfloor x \rfloor denotes the largest integer less than or equal to x?x?

无限多个

an infinite number

44

22

33

00

答案:B
知识点:取整函数换元法极限情形界定
难度评级:2120
解答:

n=xn = \lfloor x \rfloor。方程 n23x+2=0n^2 - 3x + 2 = 0 给出 x=n2+23x = \frac{n^2 + 2}{3}。为了与这个定义一致,需要 nn2+23<n+1n \le \frac{n^2 + 2}{3} \lt n + 1。左边不等式等价于 n23n+20n^2 - 3n + 2 \ge 0,对整数 nn 均成立。右边不等式等价于 n23n1<0n^2 - 3n - 1 \lt 0,只对 n{0,1,2,3}n \in \{0, 1, 2, 3\} 成立。这些值给出 x=23,1,2,113x = \frac{2}{3}, 1, 2, \frac{11}{3},所以有 44 个不同的值。正确答案是 B

Set n=x.n = \lfloor x \rfloor. Then n23x+2=0n^2 - 3x + 2 = 0 gives x=n2+23.x = \frac{n^2 + 2}{3}. For this to be consistent we need nn2+23<n+1.n \le \frac{n^2 + 2}{3} \lt n + 1. The left side, n23n+20,n^2 - 3n + 2 \ge 0, holds for every integer n.n. The right side, n23n1<0,n^2 - 3n - 1 \lt 0, holds only for n{0,1,2,3}.n \in \{0, 1, 2, 3\}. Those give x=23,1,2,113,x = \frac{2}{3}, 1, 2, \frac{11}{3}, so there are 44 distinct values. Therefore, the answer is B.

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