2021 AMC 10B Fall 第 18 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

18.

三张完全相同、边长为 66 的正方形纸片叠在一起。中间的纸片绕中心顺时针旋转 3030^\circ,最上面的纸片绕中心顺时针旋转 6060^\circ,得到下图所示的 2424 边形。

该多边形的面积可表示为 abca-b\sqrt{c},其中 aabbcc 为正整数,且 cc 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 a+b+ca+b+c

Three identical square sheets of paper each with side length 66 are stacked on top of each other. The middle sheet is rotated clockwise 3030^\circ about its center and the top sheet is rotated clockwise 6060^\circ about its center, resulting in the 2424-sided polygon shown in the figure below.

The area of this polygon can be expressed in the form abc,a-b\sqrt{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers, and cc is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is a+b+c?a+b+c?

7575

9393

9696

129129

147147

答案:E
知识点:面积分割变换三角学
难度评级:2090
解答:

边界可分成 2424 个全等三角形,角分别为 1515^\circ4545^\circ120120^\circ

每个三角形的高为 33,即正方形边长的一半。相邻直角三角形有一个 3030^\circ 角,所以从长度为 33 的底边上截去的部分为 3tan30=33\tan30^\circ=\sqrt3

对其中一个三角形作高,其底为 333-\sqrt3,高为 33,面积为 3(33)2=9332\frac{3(3-\sqrt3)}{2}=\frac{9-3\sqrt3}{2}

所以总面积为 因此 a+b+c=108+36+3=147a+b+c=108+36+3=147249332=108363.24\cdot\frac{9-3\sqrt3}{2}=108-36\sqrt3.

所以答案是 E

The boundary can be split into 2424 congruent triangles. Each has angles 15,15^\circ, 45,45^\circ, and 120.120^\circ.

For one such triangle, draw the altitude from the center-side direction. The altitude is 3,3, half the side length of a square. The adjacent right triangle has a 3030^\circ angle, so the part cut off from a length 33 base is 3tan30=3.3\tan30^\circ=\sqrt3.

Thus each small triangle has base 333-\sqrt3 and height 3,3, giving area 3(33)2=9332.\frac{3(3-\sqrt3)}{2}=\frac{9-3\sqrt3}{2}.

The total area is 249332=108363.24\cdot\frac{9-3\sqrt3}{2}=108-36\sqrt3. Hence a+b+c=108+36+3=147.a+b+c=108+36+3=147.

Thus, the answer is E .

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