2020 AMC 10B 第 8 题

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8.

平面内点 PPQQ 满足 PQ=8PQ=8。平面内有多少个点 RR,使得以 PPQQRR 为顶点的三角形是直角三角形,且面积为 1212 平方单位?

Points PP and QQ lie in a plane with PQ=8.PQ=8. How many locations for point RR in this plane are there such that the triangle with vertices P,P, Q,Q, and RR is a right triangle with area 1212 square units?

22

44

66

88

1212

答案:D
知识点:直角三角形三角形面积坐标几何分类讨论
难度评级:1420
解答:

P=(4,0)P=(-4,0)Q=(4,0)Q=(4,0)。因为面积为 1212PQ=8PQ=8,点 RR 到直线 PQPQ 的距离为 33,所以 R=(x,±3)R=(x,\pm 3)

若直角在 PP,则 R=(4,±3)R=(-4,\pm 3),给出 22 点。若直角在 QQ,则 R=(4,±3)R=(4,\pm 3),再给出 22 点。

若直角在 RR,则 PQPQ 是斜边,所以 因此 x2=7x^2=7,给出 R=(±7,±3)R=(\pm\sqrt7,\pm 3),另有 44 点。 64=PR2+QR2=(x+4)2+9+(x4)2+9=2x2+50. \begin{aligned} &64=PR^2+QR^2 \\ &\quad =(x+4)^2+9 \\ &\quad {}+(x-4)^2+9 \\ &\quad =2x^2+50. \end{aligned}

总数为 2+2+4=82+2+4=8

所以正确答案是 D

Place P=(4,0)P=(-4,0) and Q=(4,0).Q=(4,0). Since the area is 1212 and PQ=8,PQ=8, the distance from RR to line PQPQ is 3,3, so R=(x,±3).R=(x,\pm 3).

If the right angle is at P,P, then R=(4,±3),R=(-4,\pm 3), giving 22 points. If it is at Q,Q, then R=(4,±3),R=(4,\pm 3), giving 22 more points.

If the right angle is at R,R, then PQPQ is the hypotenuse, so 64=PR2+QR2=(x+4)2+9+(x4)2+9=2x2+50. \begin{aligned} &64=PR^2+QR^2 \\ &\quad =(x+4)^2+9 \\ &\quad {}+(x-4)^2+9 \\ &\quad =2x^2+50. \end{aligned} Thus x2=7,x^2=7, giving R=(±7,±3),R=(\pm\sqrt7,\pm 3), another 44 points.

The total is 2+2+4=8.2+2+4=8.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

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