2020 AMC 10A 第 21 题

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21.

存在唯一严格递增的非负整数序列 a1<a2<<aka_1<a_2<\cdots<a_k,使得 求 kk2289+1217+1=2a1+2a2++2ak.\frac{2^{289}+1}{2^{17}+1}=2^{a_1}+2^{a_2}+\cdots+2^{a_k}.

There exists a unique strictly increasing sequence of nonnegative integers a1<a2<<aka_1<a_2<\cdots<a_k such that 2289+1217+1=2a1+2a2++2ak.\frac{2^{289}+1}{2^{17}+1}=2^{a_1}+2^{a_2}+\cdots+2^{a_k}. What is k?k?

117117

136136

137137

273273

306306

答案:C
知识点:进制因式分解配对与分组
难度评级:2380
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文字解答:

X=217X=2^{17}。则 2289+1217+1=X17+1X+1=X16X15+X14X+1 \begin{gathered} \dfrac{2^{289}+1}{2^{17}+1} = \dfrac{X^{17}+1}{X+1} \\ = X^{16}-X^{15}+X^{14} \\ {}-\cdots-X+1 \end{gathered}

把相邻项配成 X16X15X^{16}-X^{15}X14X13X^{14}-X^{13}\ldotsX2XX^2-X,最后剩下 +1+1。每一对都形如 217m(2171)2^{17m}(2^{17}-1),在二进制表示中贡献 1717 个一。共有 88 对,再加最后的 11,所以 k=817+1=137k=8\cdot17+1=137。正确答案是 C

Let X=217X=2^{17}. Then 2289+1217+1=X17+1X+1=X16X15+X14X+1 \begin{gathered} \dfrac{2^{289}+1}{2^{17}+1} = \dfrac{X^{17}+1}{X+1} \\ = X^{16}-X^{15}+X^{14} \\ {}-\cdots-X+1 \end{gathered} .

Pair consecutive terms: X16X15X^{16}-X^{15}, X14X13X^{14}-X^{13}, \ldots, X2XX^2-X, and then the final +1+1. Each pair is 217m(2171)2^{17m}(2^{17}-1), contributing 1717 ones in binary. There are 88 such pairs plus the final 11, so k=817+1=137k=8\cdot17+1=137. Thus, C is the correct answer.

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