2018 AMC 10B 第 9 题

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9.

77 个标准骰子的每个面分别标有整数 1166。设 pp 为这 77 个骰子同时掷出时,上方面点数之和为 1010 的概率。还有哪个点数和出现的概率也等于 pp

The faces of each of 77 standard dice are labeled with the integers from 11 to 6.6. Let pp be the probability that when all 77 dice are rolled, the sum of the numbers on the top faces is 10.10. What other sum occurs with the same probability p?p?

1313

2626

3232

3939

4242

答案:D
知识点:骰子(概率)双射对称性
难度评级:1370
解答:

对每个骰子,把点数 kk 替换为 7k7 - k。这会把所有掷骰结果一一配对,且概率不变;原总和为 ss 时,新总和为 77s=49s7 \cdot 7 - s = 49 - s。因此总和 ss49s49 - s 出现的概率相同。与 1010 配对的是 4910=3949 - 10 = 39。正确答案是 D

Replace each die's value kk by 7k.7 - k. This pairs up outcomes one-to-one and keeps their probabilities, and it sends a total of ss to 77s=49s.7 \cdot 7 - s = 49 - s. So the sums ss and 49s49 - s are equally likely. The partner of 1010 is 4910=39.49 - 10 = 39. Thus, D is the correct answer.

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