2010 AMC 10B 第 9 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

9.

Larry 的老师让他把数字代入 aabbccddee,再计算下式:a(b(c(d+e)))a-(b-(c-(d+e))) Larry 忽略了括号,但加减号本身算对了,并且碰巧得到了正确结果。他给 aabbccdd 代入的数分别是 11223344。他给 ee 代入了什么数?

Lucky Larry’s teacher asked him to substitute numbers for a,a, b,b, c,c, d,d, and ee in the expression a(b(c(d+e)))a-(b-(c-(d+e))) and evaluate the result. Larry ignored the parentheses but added and subtracted correctly and obtained the correct result by coincidence. The numbers Larry substituted for a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd were 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, and 4,4, respectively. What number did Larry substitute for e?e?

5-5

3-3

00

33

55

答案:D
知识点:运算顺序一次方程
难度评级:1280
小提示:

比较 Larry 忽略括号得到的值和正确值。

Compare Larry’s ignored-parentheses value to the correct value

大提示:

正确计算时,表达式为 2e-2-e

Correctly evaluated, the expression is 2e-2-e

解答:

忽略括号时,Larry 会得到 1234+e=e8 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 + e = e - 8\text{。}

按括号正确计算,1(2(3(4+e)))=1(2(1e))=1(3+e)=2e\begin{aligned} &1 - (2 -(3 - (4 + e)))\\ & = 1 - (2 - (-1 - e))\\ &= 1 - (3 + e) \\ &=-2 - e\end{aligned}\text{。}

两者相等,所以 e8=2e e - 8 = -2 - e e=3 e = 3\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

Ignoring the parentheses, Larry would get 1234+e=e8. 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 + e = e - 8.

Evaluating with the parentheses, one would get 1(2(3(4+e)))=1(2(1e))=1(3+e)=2e.\begin{aligned} &1 - (2 -(3 - (4 + e)))\\ & = 1 - (2 - (-1 - e))\\ &= 1 - (3 + e) \\ &=-2 - e.\end{aligned}

Both of these values are the same, so e8=2e e - 8 = -2 - e e=3. e = 3.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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