2012 AMC 10A 第 9 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

9.

有一对均匀的六面骰子。一枚骰子的六个面上只标有偶数,其中 224466 各出现两次。另一枚骰子的六个面上只标有奇数,其中 113355 各出现两次。同时掷这两枚骰子,顶面点数之和为 77 的概率是多少?

A pair of six-sided fair dice are labeled so that one die has only even numbers (two each of 2,2, 4,4, and 66), and the other die has only odd numbers (two each of 1,1, 3,3, and 55). The pair of dice is rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on the tops of the two dice is 7?7?

16\dfrac{1}{6}

15\dfrac{1}{5}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:D
知识点:骰子(概率)分类讨论
难度评级:960
小提示:

列出所有和为 77 的偶奇数对。

List the even-odd pairs that sum to 77

大提示:

每个列出的点数在对应骰子上都有两个面。

Each listed value appears on two faces of its die

解答:

和为 77 的点数对是 (2,5),(4,3), 和 (6,1) (2, 5), (4, 3), \text{ 和 } (6, 1)\text{。}

1313=19 \dfrac{1}{3} \cdot \dfrac{1}{3} = \dfrac{1}{9} 的概率得到其中任意一个指定的点数对。

共有 33 个这样的点数对,所以和为 77 的总概率为 319=13 3 \cdot \dfrac{1}{9} = \dfrac{1}{3}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

The pairs of numbers that sum to 77 are (2,5),(4,3), and (6,1). (2, 5), (4, 3), \text{ and } (6, 1).

There is a 1313=19 \dfrac{1}{3} \cdot \dfrac{1}{3} = \dfrac{1}{9} chance that we get any of these pairs.

There are 33 pairs, which means that the total probability that the rolls sum to 77 is 319=13. 3 \cdot \dfrac{1}{9} = \dfrac{1}{3}.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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