2018 AMC 10A 第 21 题

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21.

在实 xyxy 平面内,曲线 x2+y2=a2x^2+y^2=a^2y=x2ay=x^2-a 恰好相交于 33 个点时,下列哪一项描述了 aa 的取值范围?

Which of the following describes the set of values of aa for which the curves x2+y2=a2x^2+y^2=a^2 and y=x2ay=x^2-a in the real xyxy-plane intersect at exactly 33 points?

a=14a = \dfrac14

14<a<12\dfrac14 \lt a \lt \dfrac12

a>14a \gt \dfrac14

a=12a = \dfrac12

a>12a \gt \dfrac12

答案:E
知识点:抛物线换元法
难度评级:1820
解答:

y=x2ay=x^2-a 代入 x2+y2=a2x^2+y^2=a^2,得到 x2+(x2a)2=a2x^2+(x^2-a)^2=a^2,所以 x2(x2(2a1))=0x^2(x^2-(2a-1))=0

因子 x2=0x^2=0 总会给出一个交点 (0,a)(0,-a)。另一个因子恰好在 2a1>02a-1>0 时给出两个额外的实交点。

因此,恰有三个交点的条件是 a>12a>\dfrac12。所以正确答案是 E

Substitute y=x2ay=x^2-a into x2+y2=a2x^2+y^2=a^2. This gives x2+(x2a)2=a2x^2+(x^2-a)^2=a^2, so x2(x2(2a1))=0x^2(x^2-(2a-1))=0.

The factor x2=0x^2=0 always gives the single point (0,a)(0,-a). The other factor gives two additional real points exactly when 2a1>02a-1>0.

There are exactly three intersection points when a>12a>\dfrac12. Thus, E is the correct answer.

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