2015 AMC 10A 第 25 题

先试着解答 2015 AMC 10A 第 25 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2015 AMC 10A 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

25.

SS 是边长为 11 的正方形。独立随机地在 SS 的边上选取两个点。两点间直线距离至少为 12\dfrac{1}{2} 的概率为 abπc\dfrac{a-b\pi}{c},其中 aabbcc 是正整数且 gcd(a,b,c)=1\gcd(a,b,c)=1。求 a+b+ca+b+c 的值。

Let SS be a square of side length 1.1. Two points are chosen independently at random on the sides of S.S. The probability that the straight-line distance between the points is at least 12\dfrac{1}{2} is abπc,\dfrac{a-b\pi}{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers with gcd(a,b,c)=1.\gcd(a,b,c)=1. What is a+b+c?a+b+c?

5959

6060

6161

6262

6363

答案:A
知识点:几何概率分类讨论
难度评级:2390
解答:

先固定第一个点所在的边。第二个点在同一边、相邻边、对边上的概率分别为 14\frac1412\frac1214\frac14

同一边上时,两个坐标 a,b[0,1]a,b\in[0,1] 的距离至少为 12\frac12,等价于 ab12|a-b|\ge\frac12。这个区域由两个直角三角形组成,总面积为 14\frac14

相邻边上时,距离形如 a2+b2\sqrt{a^2+b^2}。失败区域是半径为 12\frac12 的四分之一圆,所以成功概率为 1π161-\frac{\pi}{16}

对边上时,距离总是至少为 11,所以成功概率为 11。因此所求概率为 所以 a+b+c=26+1+32=59a+b+c=26+1+32=591414+12(1π16)+14=26π32. \begin{aligned} &\frac14\cdot\frac14 \\ &\quad {}+\frac12\left(1-\frac{\pi}{16}\right) \\ &\quad {}+\frac14=\frac{26-\pi}{32}. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 A

Fix one of the two points. The second point is on the same side with probability 14\frac14, on an adjacent side with probability 12\frac12, and on the opposite side with probability 14\frac14.

On the same side, two coordinates a,b[0,1]a,b\in[0,1] are at distance at least 12\frac12 when ab12|a-b|\ge\frac12. This region consists of two right triangles with total area 14\frac14.

On adjacent sides, the distance has the form a2+b2\sqrt{a^2+b^2}. The failing region is a quarter circle of radius 12\frac12, so the success probability is 1π161-\frac{\pi}{16}.

On opposite sides, the distance is always at least 11, so the success probability is 11. Therefore the desired probability is 1414+12(1π16)+14=26π32. \begin{aligned} &\frac14\cdot\frac14 \\ &\quad {}+\frac12\left(1-\frac{\pi}{16}\right) \\ &\quad {}+\frac14=\frac{26-\pi}{32}. \end{aligned} Hence a+b+c=26+1+32=59a+b+c=26+1+32=59.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

← 第 24 题#24
完整试卷

其他年份的第 25 题