2015 AMC 10A 第 25 题
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25.
设 是边长为 的正方形。独立随机地在 的边上选取两个点。两点间直线距离至少为 的概率为 ,其中 、、 是正整数且 。求 的值。
Let be a square of side length Two points are chosen independently at random on the sides of The probability that the straight-line distance between the points is at least is where and are positive integers with What is
答案:A
解答:
先固定第一个点所在的边。第二个点在同一边、相邻边、对边上的概率分别为 、、。
同一边上时,两个坐标 的距离至少为 ,等价于 。这个区域由两个直角三角形组成,总面积为 。
相邻边上时,距离形如 。失败区域是半径为 的四分之一圆,所以成功概率为 。
对边上时,距离总是至少为 ,所以成功概率为 。因此所求概率为 所以 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Fix one of the two points. The second point is on the same side with probability , on an adjacent side with probability , and on the opposite side with probability .
On the same side, two coordinates are at distance at least when . This region consists of two right triangles with total area .
On adjacent sides, the distance has the form . The failing region is a quarter circle of radius , so the success probability is .
On opposite sides, the distance is always at least , so the success probability is . Therefore the desired probability is Hence .
Thus, A is the correct answer.
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