2014 AMC 10B 第 21 题

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21.

梯形 ABCDABCD 的平行边 AB\overline{AB}3333,线段 CD\overline {CD}2121 。另外两边长为 10101414 。角 AA 和角 BB 都是锐角。求梯形 ABCDABCD 的较短对角线长度。

Trapezoid ABCD ABCD has parallel sides AB \overline{AB} of length 33 33 and CD \overline {CD} of length 21. 21 . The other two sides are of lengths 10 10 and 14. 14 . The angles A A and B B are acute. What is the length of the shorter diagonal of ABCD? ABCD ?

10610\sqrt{6}

2525

8108\sqrt{10}

18218\sqrt{2}

2626

答案:B
知识点:梯形勾股定理
难度评级:1790
解答:

DDCCABAB 作垂线,垂足分别为 EEFF。如图,不妨取 AD=10AD=10BC=14BC=14;交换两腰只会把梯形翻转。

AE=xAE=x,高为 hh。由于 EF=CD=21EF=CD=21,且 AB=33AB=33,所以 FB=12xFB=12-x

由两个直角三角形可得 102=x2+h210^2=x^2+h^2142=(12x)2+h2.14^2=(12-x)^2+h^2. 两式相减得 96=14424x96=144-24x,所以 x=2x=2,且 h2=96h^2=96

较短的对角线是 ACAC,它的水平位移为 AE+EF=2+21=23AE+EF=2+21=23。因此 AC=232+96=625=25.AC=\sqrt{23^2+96}=\sqrt{625}=25.

所以正确答案是 B

Let the feet of the perpendiculars from DD and CC to ABAB be EE and FF, respectively. As drawn, take AD=10AD=10 and BC=14BC=14; interchanging the two legs only reflects the trapezoid.

Let AE=xAE=x and let the altitude be hh. Since EF=CD=21EF=CD=21 and AB=33AB=33, we have FB=12xFB=12-x.

The two right triangles give 102=x2+h210^2=x^2+h^2 and 142=(12x)2+h2.14^2=(12-x)^2+h^2. Subtracting yields 96=14424x96=144-24x, so x=2x=2 and h2=96h^2=96.

The shorter diagonal is ACAC, whose horizontal displacement is AE+EF=2+21=23AE+EF=2+21=23. Therefore AC=232+96=625=25.AC=\sqrt{23^2+96}=\sqrt{625}=25.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

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