2002 AMC 10B 第 25 题

先试着解答 2002 AMC 10B 第 25 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2002 AMC 10B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

25.

向一个整数列表中加入 1515 后,平均数增加了 22。再向新列表中加入 11 后,平均数减少了 11。原列表中有多少个整数?
When 1515 is appended to a list of integers, the mean is increased by 2.2. When 11 is appended to the enlarged list, the mean of the enlarged list is decreased by 1.1. How many integers were in the original list?
44
55
66
77
88
答案:A
知识点:平均数方程组
小提示:
设原列表有 nn 个整数,平均数为 mm,所以和为 mnmn。
Let the list have nn integers with mean m,m, so the sum is mnmn
大提示:
将两次加入数字后的新和与新平均数分别写成方程。
Translate each appending into an equation for the new sum and mean
解答:
设原列表有 nn 个整数,平均数为 mm,则总和为 mnmn。加入 1515 后,(m+2)(n+1)=mn+15  ⟹  m+2n=13。 \begin{aligned} &(m + 2)(n + 1) \\ &= mn + 15 \\ &\implies m + 2n = 13 \end{aligned}\text{。}
再加入 11 后,(m+1)(n+2)=mn+16  ⟹  2m+n=14。 \begin{aligned} &(m + 1)(n + 2) \\ &= mn + 16 \\ &\implies 2m + n = 14 \end{aligned}\text{。}
解方程组 m+2n=13m + 2n = 13、2m+n=142m + n = 14,得 m=5m = 5、n=4n = 4,所以原列表有四个整数。
所以正确答案是 A。
Let the original list have nn integers with mean m,m, so its sum is mn.mn. Appending 1515 gives (m+2)(n+1)=mn+15  ⟹  m+2n=13. \begin{aligned} &(m + 2)(n + 1) \\ &= mn + 15 \\ &\implies m + 2n = 13. \end{aligned}
Appending 11 to that enlarged list gives (m+1)(n+2)=mn+16  ⟹  2m+n=14. \begin{aligned} &(m + 1)(n + 2) \\ &= mn + 16 \\ &\implies 2m + n = 14. \end{aligned}
Solving m+2n=13m + 2n = 13 and 2m+n=142m + n = 14 yields m=5m = 5 and n=4.n = 4.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
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