2025 AMC 10B 第 25 题

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25.

正方形 ABCDABCD 的边长为 44。点 PPQQ 分别在 AD\overline{AD}CD\overline{CD} 上,且 AP=85AP = \tfrac{8}{5}DQ=103DQ = \tfrac{10}{3}。一条路径从 PPQQ 的线段开始,之后在正方形 ABCDABCD 的边上反射继续前进(入射角等于反射角),如下图所示。如果路径碰到正方形的顶点,就在那里终止;否则它将永远继续。

这条路径会在哪个顶点终止?

Square ABCDABCD has sides of length 4.4. Points PP and QQ lie on AD\overline{AD} and CD,\overline{CD}, respectively, with AP=85AP = \tfrac{8}{5} and DQ=103.DQ = \tfrac{10}{3}. A path begins along the line segment from PP to QQ and continues by reflecting against the sides of ABCDABCD (with congruent incoming and outgoing angles), as shown in the figure. If the path hits a vertex of the square, then it terminates there; otherwise it continues forever.

At which vertex does the path terminate?

AA

BB

CC

DD

路径会永远继续下去。

The path continues forever.

答案:B
知识点:反射(几何)奇偶性最大公约数坐标几何
难度评级:2520
解答:

A=(0,0)A = (0,0)B=(4,0)B = (4,0)C=(4,4)C = (4,4)D=(0,4)D = (0,4),则 P=(0,85)P = \left(0, \tfrac85\right)Q=(103,4)Q = \left(\tfrac{10}{3}, 4\right)。初始方向为 (103,125)(25,18)\left(\tfrac{10}{3}, \tfrac{12}{5}\right) \parallel (25, 18)。把反射台球路径展开成反射正方形组成的网格,并从 PP 沿直线走。它到达某个角点时,(4a,4b)(4a,4b)t=4a25t = \tfrac{4a}{25} 都是 44 的倍数;第一个这样的角点是展开后的点 10+18a=25b10 + 18a = 25b。横向穿过 55 个小正方形(奇数)表示落在 x=4x = 4 的边上,纵向穿过 a5(mod25)a \equiv 5 \pmod{25} 个小正方形(偶数)表示落在 y=0y = 0 上。因此对应原正方形的顶点是 a=5a = 5,正确答案是 Bb=4b = 4 (20,16)(20,16)(4,0)=B(4,0) = B

Place A=(0,0),A = (0,0), B=(4,0),B = (4,0), C=(4,4),C = (4,4), D=(0,4),D = (0,4), so P=(0,85)P = \left(0, \tfrac85\right) and Q=(103,4).Q = \left(\tfrac{10}{3}, 4\right). The initial direction is (103,125)(25,18).\left(\tfrac{10}{3}, \tfrac{12}{5}\right) \parallel (25, 18). Unfold the billiard into a grid of reflected copies and follow the straight line from P.P. At a grid corner (4a,4b),(4a,4b), the horizontal coordinate gives t=4a25.t = \tfrac{4a}{25}. The vertical coordinate then requires 10+18a=25b,10 + 18a = 25b, so a5(mod25).a \equiv 5 \pmod{25}. The first positive possibility is a=5,a = 5, giving b=4b = 4 and the unfolded corner (20,16).(20,16). Crossing 55 cells across (odd) puts it on the side x=4,x = 4, and 44 cells up (even) puts it on y=0.y = 0. That's vertex (4,0)=B.(4,0) = B. Thus, B is the correct answer.

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