2021 AMC 10A Spring 第 21 题

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21.

ABCDEFABCDEF 是一个等角六边形。直线 AB,CDAB, CDEFEF 确定一个面积为 1923192\sqrt{3} 的三角形,直线 BC,DEBC, DEFAFA 确定一个面积为 3243324\sqrt{3} 的三角形。六边形 ABCDEFABCDEF 的周长可表示为 m+npm +n\sqrt{p},其中 m,nm, npp 为正整数,且 pp 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+n+pm + n + p

Let ABCDEFABCDEF be an equiangular hexagon. The lines AB,CD,AB, CD, and EFEF determine a triangle with area 1923,192\sqrt{3}, and the lines BC,DE,BC, DE, and FAFA determine a triangle with area 3243.324\sqrt{3}. The perimeter of hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF can be expressed as m+np,m +n\sqrt{p}, where m,n,m, n, and pp are positive integers and pp is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is m+n+p?m + n + p?

4747

5252

5555

5858

6363

答案:C
知识点:等角多边形等边三角形三角形面积
难度评级:2150
解答:

设直线 AB,CD,EFAB,CD,EF 的交点形成三角形 PQRPQR,直线 BC,DE,FABC,DE,FA 的交点形成三角形 XYZXYZ。因为六边形等角,这些外侧三角形都是等边三角形。

若等边三角形边长为 ss,面积为 34s2\frac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2。两个面积条件可写成:

34PQ2=1923,34YZ2=3243. \begin{aligned} \frac{\sqrt3}{4}PQ^2 &=192\sqrt3, \\ \frac{\sqrt3}{4}YZ^2 &=324\sqrt3. \end{aligned}

所以 PQ=163PQ=16\sqrt3YZ=36YZ=36。六边形的周长等于这两个等边三角形截得边长的总和,即 a,b,c,d,e,fa,b,c,d,e,fb+c+db+c+d c+d+ec+d+ea+f=c+da+f=c+d(b+c+d)+(c+d+e)=b+e+2(c+d)=(a+b+c)+(d+e+f), \begin{aligned} &(b+c+d)\\ &\quad+(c+d+e)\\ &=b+e+2(c+d)\\ &=(a+b+c)+(d+e+f), \end{aligned}

PQ+YZ=163+36.PQ+YZ=16\sqrt3+36.

因此 m+n+p=36+16+3=55m+n+p=36+16+3=55

所以正确答案是 C

Let the intersections of lines AB,CD,EFAB,CD,EF form triangle PQR,PQR, and let the intersections of lines BC,DE,FABC,DE,FA form triangle XYZ.XYZ. Because the hexagon is equiangular, all these outer triangles are equilateral.

For an equilateral triangle with side length s,s, the area is 34s2.\frac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2. Hence

34PQ2=1923,34YZ2=3243. \begin{aligned} \frac{\sqrt3}{4}PQ^2 &=192\sqrt3, \\ \frac{\sqrt3}{4}YZ^2 &=324\sqrt3. \end{aligned}

So PQ=163PQ=16\sqrt3 and YZ=36.YZ=36. To justify the perimeter relation, write the consecutive hexagon side lengths as a,b,c,d,e,f.a,b,c,d,e,f. The two alternating-line triangles have side lengths b+c+db+c+d and c+d+e,c+d+e, while closure of the hexagon gives a+f=c+d.a+f=c+d. Hence their side-length sum is (b+c+d)+(c+d+e)=b+e+2(c+d)=(a+b+c)+(d+e+f), \begin{aligned} &(b+c+d)\\ &\quad+(c+d+e)\\ &=b+e+2(c+d)\\ &=(a+b+c)+(d+e+f), \end{aligned} the hexagon's perimeter. Therefore the perimeter is

PQ+YZ=163+36.PQ+YZ=16\sqrt3+36.

Thus m+n+p=36+16+3=55.m+n+p=36+16+3=55.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

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