2020 AMC 10B 第 21 题

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21.

在正方形 ABCDABCD 中,点 EEHH 分别在线段 AB\overline{AB}DA\overline{DA} 上,且 AE=AHAE=AH。点 FFGG 分别在线段 BC\overline{BC}CD\overline{CD} 上,点 IIJJ 在线段 EH\overline{EH} 上,使得 FIEH\overline{FI} \perp \overline{EH},且 GJEH\overline{GJ} \perp \overline{EH}。如下图所示。三角形 AEHAEH、四边形 BFIEBFIE、四边形 DHJGDHJG 和五边形 FCGJIFCGJI 的面积都为 11。求 FI2FI^2

In square ABCD,ABCD, points EE and HH lie on AB\overline{AB} and DA,\overline{DA}, respectively, so that AE=AH.AE=AH. Points FF and GG lie on BC\overline{BC} and CD,\overline{CD}, respectively, and points II and JJ lie on EH\overline{EH} so that FIEH\overline{FI} \perp \overline{EH} and GJEH.\overline{GJ} \perp \overline{EH}. See the figure below. Triangle AEH,AEH, quadrilateral BFIE,BFIE, quadrilateral DHJG,DHJG, and pentagon FCGJIFCGJI each has area 1.1. What is FI2?FI^2?

73\dfrac73

8428-4\sqrt2

1+21+\sqrt2

742\dfrac74\sqrt2

222\sqrt2

答案:B
知识点:正方形(几何)面积分割特殊直角三角形
难度评级:1950
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文字解答:

四个标出的区域填满正方形,且每个面积为 1,1,所以正方形面积为 44,边长为 2.2. 因为三角形 AEHAEH 是面积为 1,1, 的直角等腰三角形,所以 AE=AH=2.AE=AH=\sqrt2.

延长 FIFIABAB 相交于 K,K,并设 x=BFx=BFt=BE=22.t=BE=2-\sqrt2. 因为 EHEH 的斜率为 1,-1,直线 FKFK 的斜率为 1,1,所以 BF=BK=x.BF=BK=x.KK 位于线段 EB,EB, 上,区域 BFIEBFIE 就会位于三角形 BFK,BFK, 内,而后者面积至多为 t2/2<1,t^2/2<1,产生矛盾。因此 KK 位于 E,E, 的左侧,且 EK=xt.EK=x-t.

三角形 BFKBFK 是直角等腰三角形,面积为 x2/2.x^2/2. 三角形 EIKEIK 也是直角等腰三角形,斜边为 EK=xt,EK=x-t,所以面积为 (xt)2/4.(x-t)^2/4. 两者之差就是区域 BFIE,BFIE,因此 1=x22(xt)24.1=\frac{x^2}{2}-\frac{(x-t)^2}{4}. 所以 4=2x2(xt)2=(x+t)22t2. \begin{aligned} 4&=2x^2-(x-t)^2\\ &=(x+t)^2-2t^2. \end{aligned}

另外,FK=x2FK=x\sqrt2,且 KI=(xt)/2,KI=(x-t)/\sqrt2,所以 FI=FKKI=x+t2.FI=FK-KI=\frac{x+t}{\sqrt2}. 从而 FI2=(x+t)22=2+t2=2+(22)2=842. \begin{aligned} FI^2&=\frac{(x+t)^2}{2}\\ &=2+t^2\\ &=2+(2-\sqrt2)^2\\ &=8-4\sqrt2. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 B

The four named regions fill the square and each has area 1,1, so the square has area 44 and side length 2.2. Since triangle AEHAEH is right isosceles with area 1,1, we have AE=AH=2.AE=AH=\sqrt2.

Extend FIFI to meet ABAB at K,K, and set x=BFx=BF and t=BE=22.t=BE=2-\sqrt2. Because EHEH has slope 1,-1, line FKFK has slope 1,1, so BF=BK=x.BF=BK=x. If KK were on segment EB,EB, then region BFIEBFIE would lie inside triangle BFK,BFK, whose area would be at most t2/2<1,t^2/2<1, a contradiction. Thus KK lies to the left of E,E, and EK=xt.EK=x-t.

Triangle BFKBFK is right isosceles with area x2/2.x^2/2. Triangle EIKEIK is right isosceles with hypotenuse EK=xt,EK=x-t, so its area is (xt)2/4.(x-t)^2/4. Since their difference is region BFIE,BFIE, 1=x22(xt)24.1=\frac{x^2}{2}-\frac{(x-t)^2}{4}. Therefore 4=2x2(xt)2=(x+t)22t2. \begin{aligned} 4&=2x^2-(x-t)^2\\ &=(x+t)^2-2t^2. \end{aligned}

Also, FK=x2FK=x\sqrt2 and KI=(xt)/2,KI=(x-t)/\sqrt2, so FI=FKKI=x+t2.FI=FK-KI=\frac{x+t}{\sqrt2}. It follows that FI2=(x+t)22=2+t2=2+(22)2=842. \begin{aligned} FI^2&=\frac{(x+t)^2}{2}\\ &=2+t^2\\ &=2+(2-\sqrt2)^2\\ &=8-4\sqrt2. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B .

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