2018 AMC 10A 第 17 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

17.

SS 是从 {1,2,,12}\{1,2,\dots,12\} 中选出的 66 个整数所组成的集合,并满足:若 aabb 都属于 SS,且 a<ba < b,则 bb 不是 aa 的倍数。SS 中元素的最小可能值是多少?

Let SS be a set of 66 integers taken from {1,2,,12}\{1,2,\dots,12\} with the property that if aa and bb are elements of SS with a<b,a < b, then bb is not a multiple of a.a. What is the least possible value of an element in S?S?

22

33

44

55

77

答案:C
知识点:整除性极端原理分类讨论
难度评级:1970
解答:

分情况讨论 SS 中的最小元素:

最小元素不可能是 11,因为这样集合中不能再放入任何其他数。

最小元素也不可能是 22,因为这时必须选入除 11 以外的所有奇数,而其中 3399 会违反条件。

若最小元素是 33,可以选 771111,再从 4488 中选一个,并从 551010 中选一个。

无论怎样选,最多只能得到 55 个元素,所以最小元素不能是 33

44 开始时,可以选入 6,7,96, 7, 91111,再从 551010 中选一个,便得到一个含 66 个元素的集合。

因此正确答案是 C

We proceed by casing on possible values for S:S:

11 cannot be the smallest element since that would mean that no other number can be in the set.

22 cannot be the smallest element since we would have to include every odd number except 1.1. This would make 33 and 99 violate the rule.

Let 33 be the smallest element. Then we can include 77 and 11.11. We can finally include either 44 or 88 and 55 or 10.10.

Either way, the maximum number of elements that we can include is 5,5, so 33 cannot be the smallest element.

Starting with 4,4, we can include 6,7,96, 7, 9 and 11.11. Finally, we can add either 55 or 10,10, creating a 66-element set.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

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