2014 AMC 10A 第 7 题

先试着解答 2014 AMC 10A 第 7 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2014 AMC 10A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

7.

非零实数 xx、yy、aa 和 bb 满足 x<ax < a 且 y<by < b。下面四个不等式中有多少个必然成立?
(I) x+y<a+bx + y \lt a + b
(II) x−y<a−bx - y \lt a - b
(III) xy<abxy \lt ab
(IV) xy<ab\dfrac{x}{y} \lt \dfrac{a}{b}
Nonzero real numbers x,x, y,y, a,a, and bb satisfy x<ax < a and y<b.y < b. How many of the following inequalities must be true?
(I) x+y<a+bx + y \lt a + b
(II) x−y<a−bx - y \lt a - b
(III) xy<abxy \lt ab
(IV) xy<ab\dfrac{x}{y} \lt \dfrac{a}{b}
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答案:B
知识点:不等式反例
小提示:
同向不等式相加是安全的。
Adding inequalities with the same direction is safe
大提示:
对其他不等式找反例。
Find counterexamples for the other proposed inequalities
解答:
把两个不等式相加,得到
x+y<a+b, x + y \lt a + b\text{,} 所以 (I) 必然成立。
不等式不能直接相减,所以 (II) 不一定成立。
例如取 x=1x = 1、y=1y = 1、a=2a = 2、b=3b = 3,就会得到错误的不等式 0<−10 \lt -1。
(III) 也不一定成立,因为 xx 和 yy 可能都是负数。
取 x=−3x = -3、y=−2y = -2、a=1a = 1、b=1b = 1,则 xy=6xy = 6,而 ab=1ab = 1,所以 (III) 不成立。
(IV) 也有同样的问题。使用同一组数,有 xy=1.5\dfrac{x}{y} = 1.5,而 ab=1\dfrac{a}{b} = 1。
因此只有 (I) 必然成立。
所以正确答案是 B。
Adding the two inequalities together gets us
x+y<a+b, x + y \lt a + b, which shows that (I) is correct.
One cannot subtract inequalities, which means that (II) is not necessarily true.
Consider x=1,x = 1, y=1,y = 1, a=2,a = 2, and b=3b = 3 as a counter-example. This would give us 0<−1.0 \lt -1.
(III) is also not always true, since xx and yy might be negative numbers.
Let x=−3,x = -3, y=−2,y = -2, a=1,a = 1, and b=1.b = 1. Then xy=6xy = 6 and ab=1ab = 1 which shows that (III) is wrong.
The same thing occurs with (IV) . Using the same values as above, we have xy=1.5\dfrac{x}{y} = 1.5 and ab=1.\dfrac{a}{b} = 1.
This shows that (I) is the only true statement.
Thus, B is the correct answer.
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