2013 AMC 10B 第 17 题

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17.

Alex 有 7575 个红色代币和 7575 个蓝色代币。有一个摊位可以用两个红色代币换一个银色代币和一个蓝色代币;另一个摊位可以用三个蓝色代币换一个银色代币和一个红色代币。Alex 一直交换,直到不能再交换为止。最后 Alex 有多少个银色代币?

Alex has 7575 red tokens and 7575 blue tokens. There is a booth where Alex can give two red tokens and receive in return a silver token and a blue token, and another booth where Alex can give three blue tokens and receive in return a silver token and a red token. Alex continues to exchange tokens until no more exchanges are possible. How many silver tokens will Alex have at the end?

6262

8282

8383

102102

103103

答案:E
知识点:丢番图方程不变量过程模拟
难度评级:1970
解答:

设红色摊位交换 mm 次,蓝色摊位交换 nn 次。

最后红色和蓝色代币数分别为 752m+n75-2m+n75+m3n75+m-3n。 结束时必须红色少于 22 个、蓝色少于 33 个。

求解这些终止情况,只得到两组候选终态:(1,2)(1,2),对应 (m,n)=(59,44)(m,n)=(59,44); 或 (0,0)(0,0),对应 (m,n)=(60,45)(m,n)=(60,45)

终态 (0,0)(0,0) 不可能,因为最后一次交换一定会产生一个蓝色或一个红色代币。

终态 (1,2)(1,2) 可以达到,例如按官方构造中给出的交换顺序进行。 (75,75)(75,75) 2525 5050 1616 88 33 11 (100,0),(0,50),(16,2),(0,10),(3,1),(1,2). \begin{aligned} &(100,0),(0,50),(16,2),\\ &(0,10),(3,1),(1,2). \end{aligned}

因此 Alex 最后有 59+44=10359+44=103 个银色代币,正确答案是 E

Suppose Alex makes mm exchanges at the red-token booth and nn exchanges at the blue-token booth.

He then has 752m+n75-2m+n red tokens and 75+m3n75+m-3n blue tokens. At the end he must have fewer than 22 red tokens and fewer than 33 blue tokens.

Solving these terminal possibilities gives only two candidate final token counts: (1,2)(1,2), which comes from (m,n)=(59,44)(m,n)=(59,44), or (0,0)(0,0), which comes from (m,n)=(60,45)(m,n)=(60,45).

The final count (0,0)(0,0) is impossible, because the last exchange would always create either one blue token or one red token.

The final count (1,2)(1,2) is attainable. Starting from (75,75)(75,75) red and blue tokens, make 2525 blue-booth exchanges, then 5050 red-booth exchanges, then 1616 blue-booth exchanges, then 88 red-booth exchanges, then 33 blue-booth exchanges, and finally 11 red-booth exchange. The red-blue counts become (100,0),(0,50),(16,2),(0,10),(3,1),(1,2). \begin{aligned} &(100,0),(0,50),(16,2),\\ &(0,10),(3,1),(1,2). \end{aligned}

Therefore Alex ends with 59+44=10359+44=103 silver tokens, and the correct answer is E .

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